Antibacterial Potential of Cochlospermum tinctorium Against Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Raw Chicken Meat

Abstract

The antibacterial activity of Cochlospermum tinctorium was determined in this study against Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus which were all antibiotic-resistant bacteria isolated from fresh chicken meat. The roots of Cochlospermum tinctorium were obtained from Kankara LGA, Katsina state. After being dried, the plant roots were pulverized into a powder. The extraction was done by maceration. To determine the isolates patterns of resistance and susceptibility to the antibiotics, antibiotic sensitivity testing was performed. The disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton Agar was used to assess the plant's antibacterial activity. The minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The results shows that the bacterial isolates exhibited resistance to a number of widely used antibiotics.The phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, and steroids. At a high concentration of 500 mg/mL, the extract of Cochlospermum tinctorium was effective in inhibiting all the isolates, with Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella showing the highest zone of inhibition of 24.00mm and 23.00mm, respectively. The lowest inhibition was observed at 62.5mg/mL with Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus exhibiting the lowest inhibition at 4.00 mm, 6.00 mm, and 7.00 mm, respectively. The Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged from 62.5 to 31.25mg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella while the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) was between 125 and 62.5mg/mL. It was observed that the MIC values in our investigation were lower than the MBC values. Since Cochlospermum tinctorium possesses antibacterial potential against antibiotic-resistant bacteria, hence it can be exploit as an alternative antibacterial agent Further research should be conducted to identify the lead active metabolite responsible for C. tinctorium's antibiotic activity and its toxicological effect in biological organisms.