FUNGI CAUSING POST-HARVEST SPOILAGE OF PAWPAW (CARICA PAPAYA) FRUITS IN TWO SELECTED MARKETS IN JIGAWA STATE, NIGERIA

Abstract

Post-harvest spoilage of pawpaw (Carica papaya) is a major concern due to its high moisture content, which supports microbial growth. This study aimed to identify the fungal species responsible for pawpaw spoilage in Dutse Ultra-Modern and Shuwarin Markets, Jigawa State, over a three-month period from October to December 2023. Standard microbiological methods were used to isolate and identify fungal strains from deteriorated fruits. The findings revealed fifty-four (54) fungal isolates were identified through standard microbiological methods with five (5) fungal species: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus stolonifer, Fusarium sp., and yeast. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that all isolates caused fruit rotting, with Aspergillus niger and yeast being the most virulent, leading to 28.0% spoilage at Dutse market, while 34.5% and 31.0% at Shuwarin market, respectively. Rhizopus stolonifer followed with 24.0% and 17.3% spoilage, while Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium sp. had the least impact. The results suggest that fungal contamination, especially by Aspergillus niger, yeast, and Rhizopus stolonifer, contributes to poor hygiene during harvesting, transportation, and storage. From the findings, proper handling, hygiene, and storage improvements are recommended to reduce contamination and extend pawpaw shelf life.