ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITES OF AFRICAN BIRCH (Anogeissus leiocarpus) LEAF AND STEM BARK EXTRACTS AGAINST SOME CLINICAL ISOLATES

Abstract

Anogeissus leiocarpus is a graceful tree of Africa, commonly known as “African birch”, and has a wide range of medicinal uses, including antimicrobial activities. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of the aqueous and ethanol leaf and stem bark extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus. The leaves and stem bark of the plant were collected, dried, ground and extracted with distilled water and ethanol. Antibacterial activity against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was carried out using the agar well diffusion method. The leaf and stem bark extracts show antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The minimum inhibitory concentration for ethanolic stem bark against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa obtained in this study were 7.50, 5.00 and 7.50mg/ml respectively, The MIC for ethanol leaf extract against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 10.00, 7.50 and 20.00mg/ml, The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for aqueous leaf extract against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 15.00, 7.50 and 10.00mg/ml, While the MIC for stem bark aqueous extract against E. coli, S. aureus, and P. aeruginosa were 15.00, 10.00 and 7.50mg/ml respectively. The MBC for ethanolic stem bark against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa obtained from this study were 15.00, 10.00 and 10.00mg/ml respectively, The MBC for ethanol leaf extract against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 20.00, 15.00 and 20.00mg/ml, the MBC for stem bark aqueous extract against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 15.00, 20.00 and 15.00mg/ml respectively while The minimum bactericidal concentration for aqueous leaf extract against E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were 15.00, 15.00 and 20.00mg/ml Therefore, Anogeissus leiocarpus has shown potential antibacterial activities against the studied organisms which may be due to the phytochemical constituents present in the plant.