The Evaluation of the Performance of In-house 3ABC Nonstructural Protein ELISA for the Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease in Nigeria

Abstract

Evaluation of the Performance of In-house 3ABC Nonstructural Protein ELISA for the Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth Disease in Nigeria.

^1*Sada A., ²Adamu J., ²Kazeem H.M, ³Kabir J, ¹Ularamu, H., ¹Wungak, Y. and ¹Habib, H., ²Ahmad, K. H., ²Umar, B. N. and ⁴Saulawa, A.M.

                        Corresponding author: aliyuvet@gmail.com, +2348029054636

1. National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, PMB 01, Plateau state, Nigeria.
2. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
4. Department of Veterinary Public Health, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious Trans-boundary animal disease (TAD) of economic importance to the livestock industry that affect all cloven hoofed domestic and wild animals. Rapid, reliable diagnostic test is crucial for disease control and surveillance. ELISA based methods are widely used for their efficiency and cost effectiveness. This study evaluated the performance of in-house 3ABC NSP b-ELISA developed by the National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Winnipeg, Canada (NCFAD) in collaboration with the National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Nigeria (NVRI, Vom) by comparing it with validated commercial PrioCHECK 3ABC NSP ELISA using clinical samples obtained from cattle in the herds where FMD outbreaks had been reported from six Nigerian States. A total of 540 bovine sera samples (90 each from Adamawa, Kaduna, Kano, Katsina, Oyo and Sokoto states) were tested in duplicates and serially, using both the commercial (PrioCHECK, Prionics®, Lelystad, The Netherlands) and the developed In-house 3ABC non-structural protein blocking ELISA between July, 2019 and October, 2020. The in-house 3ABC NSP ELISA demonstrated the following performance metrics: Sensitivity (99.53%), specificity (96.67%), Negative Predictive Value (98.31%) and Positive Predictive Value (99.06%). There was 98.9% agreement between the results obtained from the developed In-house ELISA and those obtained from the commercial (PrioCHECK) kit, indicating excellent diagnostic accuracy. The kappa statistics was 0.97.The in-house ELISA showed promising results, aligning closely with the gold standard, demonstrating its potential for routine use in diagnosis of FMD in Nigeria.

Keywords: Foot and Mouth Disease; In-house ELISA; PrioCHECK; Evaluation; Non-structural proteins; Nigeria.