Impact of maternal malaria in pregnancy and neonatal susceptibility to malaria infection.

Abstract

Malaria in pregnancy (MiP) remains a critical public health challenge, particularly in malaria-endemic regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. This study investigated the impact of MiP on maternal and fetal outcomes, focusing on the prevalence, and associated complications related to maternal and neonatal outcomes. A cohort of 105 mother-infant pairs was recruited at Turai Yar’adua Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria.The findings revealed that MiP was most prevalent among women aged 20-30 years (56.8%), with the second trimester being the most susceptible period for infection (70%). Maternal outcomes included high rates of anemia (47.6%), placental malaria (64.6%), and preterm birth risk (33.8%). Fetal outcomes highlighted significant disparities between MiP-positive and MiP-negative groups, with MiP-positive infants exhibiting higher incidences of low birth weight (40.5%), preterm delivery (42.5%), and intrauterine growth restriction (8.9%). The study also identified correlations between placental malaria and impaired fetal growth, underscoring the role of MiP in mediating adverse birth outcomes.These findings emphasize the need for integrated maternal and child health interventions, including routine malaria screening, intermittent preventive treatment, and the use of insecticide-treated nets during pregnancy. Enhanced maternal healthcare services and targeted research into MiP’s immunological and developmental impacts are crucial for breaking the cycle of vulnerability and improving health outcomes in malaria-endemic regions. This study contributes to the understanding of MiP’s multifaceted effects, offering insights into designing effective prevention and management strategies.