Physiochemical and Microbiological Analysis Of Water From Water Tanks In Yelwa and Gubi Students’ Hostels In Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Bauchi

Abstract

Access to clean and safe drinking water is crucial for health, yet many regions face significant water quality challenges. This study investigated the physicochemical and microbiological quality of water from tanks in Yelwa and Gubi student hostels at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU), Bauchi, Nigeria. Due to the increasing concerns about water safety in student accommodations, the study aimed to assess water quality, focusing on pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), turbidity, conductivity, and microbial contamination. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, where water samples were collected aseptically from multiple points within each tank and analyzed in the laboratory. Results revealed that pH levels ranged from 7.02 to 7.96, and TDS varied from 129 to 164 ppm, both within acceptable limits. However, elevated nitrate concentrations were found, particularly in Yelwa Zion block (9.10 mg/L) and Yelwa block G (7.34 mg/L), nearing the WHO threshold of 10 mg/L. Microbiological assessments indicated alarming total bacterial counts, with Gubi block A recording 1.28×10^8 CFU/ml and Yelwa Zion block at 2.30×10^8 CFU/ml for Total Bacterial Count (TBC) on Nutrient Agar. Fecal coliform counts ranged from 1.5×10^7 to 3.0×10^7 CFU/ml across samples, suggesting potential health risks. This study concluded that while physicochemical parameters mostly met guidelines, significant microbial contamination necessitates immediate action. It recommends regular cleaning and maintenance of water storage tanks to prevent the accumulation of sediments and biofilm, which can harbour bacteria and contribute to contamination and the implementation of water treatment solutions to safeguard the health of the student population.