Microbial and Physicochemical Analysis of Polyalthia longifolia (Masquerade Tree) Rhizosphere Soil

Abstract

This research was aimed at identifying microbial and physicochemical properties of Polyalthia longifolia rhizosphere soil. Ten (10) samples of Polyalthia longifolia rhizosphere soil were collected from different areas within Sokoto metropolis of Sokoto state, and were analysed for different property such as, pH, moisture content, organic matter contents, P, and N, amongst others. Also, same samples were subjected to different microbial, characterization, and identification tests, with a view to identifying the different bacteria and fungi present. The study revealed variability in the physicochemical properties, nutrient content, and microbial diversity of the soil samples. It was found that sample G had the highest potassium content and samples C and E had the highest nitrogen content, indicating better soil fertility, whereas sample H showed potential nutrient deficiencies. Microbial analysis indicated diverse bacterial and fungal communities, with species such as Corynobacterium, Bacillus spp., Sporotrichum, Aspergillusniger, and Candida present in different samples. Soils like sample G (0.51 ± 0.05), with a high phosphorus content, improve root growth and enhance plants' disease resistance, particularly useful in agricultural settings and it also have highest number of microbial colonies Nitrogen (N) is crucial for protein synthesis and overall plant development. Samples C (43.56 ± 0.05) and E (43.47 ± 0.04) showed significantly high nitrogen levels, which are beneficial for nitrogen-demanding crops, promoting lush vegetative growth. The texture of the soil affects its water-holding capacity, nutrient retention, and suitability for plant growth. Sandy soils, like Sample F (85.34 ± 0.36), have larger particles that promote good drainage and aeration, but they lack the ability to retain water and nutrients.