Antibacterial Activity of Some Herbal Extracts for the Treatment of Typhoid Fever Sold in Okitipupa Town, Ondo State, Nigeria

Adeyemo I.A; Omolade C. O

doi:10.47430/ujmr.2161.011

Authors

Adeyemo I.A 1 Department of Microbiology, Olusegun Agagu University of Science and Technology, Okitipupa, Ondo State, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-5469
Omolade C. O Department of Environmental Health Science, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.011

Keywords:

Herbal mixture, antibacterial activity, typhoid fever, phytochemical analysis

Abstract

The study investigated and compared the antimicrobial potency of aqueous (cold and hot) and ethanolic extracts of six plant parts used as herbal mixture against clinical isolate of Salmonella typhi in Okitipupa town. Extracts from six plant parts used as herbal mixture were tested for antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi isolated from patients suffering from typhoid fever. The antibacterial activities of each of the extracts (ethanolic, cold and hot waters) were determined using agar diffusion method and the activities produced zone of inhibition ranging from 20mm-34mm. Ethanolic extract was found to be more potent being capable of exerting significant inhibitory activity on the test organism investigated with an inhibition zone of 34mm followed by the cold-water extract (28mm) while hot water extract gave the least (20mm). The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenols, glucosinolates and triterpenes in the extracts but total absence of proteins. The study confirms the medicinal value of herbal mixtures and justifies the claim of its local use in health remedies for typhoid fever caused by Salmonella typhi. There is the need therefore to develop effective combination of antimicrobial agents in purified form from higher plants and their parts for clinical trials.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adeleye, I. A., Okogi, G. and Ojo, E. O. (2005).Microbial contamination of herbal preparations in Lagos. Nigeria.Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition. 23 (3): 296-297.

Akinpelu D.A, Aiyegoro D. A. and Okoh A.I (2008). In Vitro antimicrobial and Phytochemical Properties of Crude extract of Stem bark of Afzeliaafricana (Smith). African Journal of Biotechnology.7(20): 3662-3667).

Arias, M. L., Chaves, C. and Alfaro, D. (1999). Microbiological analysis of some herbal infusions used as medicines. Rev Biomed. 10 (1):1-6.

https://doi.org/10.32776/revbiomed.v10i1.181

http://www.imbiomed.com.max/uav.E nglish/ZYu91-01.html

Awosika, D. F. (1993).Local Medicinal Plants and Healthcare of Consumers.Clinical plants and healthcare of consumers.Clinical Pharmacy and Herbal Medicine. 9:28-31.

Briskin, D. (2000). Medicinal Plants and Phytomedicines.Linking Plant Biochemistry and Physiology to Human Health. Plant Physiology, 124(2), 507-514. Retrieved March 27, 2021, from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4279453

https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.124.2.507

Chaing HS, Merino-chavez G, Yang LL, Wang FN, Hafez ES (1994). Medicinal plants:conception / contraception. Adv Contracept Deliv Syst.10(3-4):355-63. PMID: 12287843.

Esimone, C.O., Oleghe, P.O., Ibezim, E.C.,Okeh, C. O. and Iroha, I. R. (2007). Susceptibility resistance profile of micro-organisms isolated from herbal medicine product. African J. Biotech. 6 (24): 2766-2775

https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2007.000-2442

Estrada-Castillón, E., Soto-Mata, B.E., Garza- López, M. et al.(2012). Medicinal plants in the southern region of the State of Nuevo León, México. J EthnobiologyEthnomedicine 8, 45

https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8-45

.https://doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-8- 45

Harborne, J. B. Phytochemical methods - A Guide to Modern Technique of Plant analysis. Chapman and Hall, London. (1998).

Mbata T. and Saikia, A. (2005): Antibacterial Activity of Essential oil from Ocimumgratissimum on Listeria monocytogenes. Internet Journal of Food Safety V (7): 15-19

MulugetaTeshome, LegesseAdane andYinebeb Tariku (2021). Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities of Root Bark Extracts of Moringasteno petala. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants (15) : 1 - 6

https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2021.1.6

Odikamnoro OO, Uhuo CA, Ikeh IM, Ogiji ED, Ibiam GA, Azi SO, Akpam LJ and Okoh NF(2015). Antibacterial activities of two medicinal herbs on Salmonella typhi isolates in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State, Nigeria: Improvement to herbal medicine. Journal of Bacteriology research (7) 2: 14 - 18.

Okunlola, A., Adewoyin, A. B and Odeku, A. O. (2007).Evaluation of pharmaceutical and microbial qualities of some herbal medicinal products in South Western Nigeria.Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research . 6(1): 661-670.

https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v6i1.14644

Onawunmi, G. O. and Lamikanra, A. (1987).Microbial qualities of locally produced herbal preparations.Niger J. Pharm .Sci 3: 56-63.

Reddy, Y. M.; Kumar, S. P.J.; Saritha, K. V.; Gopal, P.; Reddy, T. M.; Simal- Gandara, Jesus. (2021). "Phytochemical Profiling of Methanolic fruit extract of Gardenia latifolia Ait. by LC-MS/MS Analysis and Evaluation of Its Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity" Plants 10(3): 545.

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10030545

https://doi.org/10.3390/plants1003054 5

WHO (2002): Traditional medicine strategy 2002-2005. Geneva.

https://www.who.int/medicines/public ations/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/e n/

WHO (2013): WHO traditional medicine strategy: 2014-2023.

https://www.who.int/medicines/public ations/traditional/trm_strategy14_23/e n/

Willcox ML, Bodeker G. Traditional herbal medicines for malaria.(2004). BMJ; 329(7475):1156-9.

https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.329.7475.1156

https://doi:10.1136/bmj.329.7475.115 6