Study on the Impacts of Haemoglobin Genotype on Hepatitis B vaccine Response among Vaccinated Individuals within Bauchi State, Nigeria

Authors

  • Thomas, K. M. Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
  • Titus Mispha Department of Environmental Management Technology, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.25103.007

Keywords:

Hemoglobin Genotype, Hepatitis B, Immunogenicity, vaccine

Abstract

Study’s Excerpt:

  • HbSS and HbAS genotypes showed the highest optimal response to hepatitis B vaccination.
  • Genotype AC recorded the lowest vaccine response with 50% non-responders.
  • Hepatitis B surface antibodies were measured using ELISA in 196 vaccinated subjects.
  • Genotypes AA and AS were most prevalent at 71.9% and 25%, respectively.
  • Though not statistically significant, Hb genotype may influence vaccine response variability.

Full Abstract:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the viral diseases of public health concern globally.  It causes liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.  Vaccine against hepatitis B has been incorporated into the routine infant immunization schedule of almost all the African Countries.  However, reports on the vaccine failure, ranging from sub-optimal response, non-responsiveness, and vaccine breakthrough infection, threaten the vaccine efficacy globally.  This study sought to assess the impacts of the Human hemoglobin genotype (HbG) on the vaccine response in Bauchi, north-eastern Nigeria.  A cross-section of 196 vaccinated subjects of both sexes, aged 1 to 60 years, were recruited.  The blood plasma was separated and used for the detection and titration of Hepatitis B surface antibodies by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).  The red cell was used for determining Hemoglobin Genotype (HbG) of the subjects.  The results indicated that genotypes SS (75%) and AS (61%) had the highest rate of optimal response to the hepatitis B vaccine, respectively, while genotype AC had the least vaccine response and the highest (50%) non-responders to the hepatitis B vaccine.  Regarding genotype prevalence, genotypes AA and AS had the highest prevalence of 141 (71.9%) and 49 (25%), respectively.  There was no significant relationship between various hemoglobin genotypes and Hepatitis B vaccine response.  However, some genotypes have a greater affinity for the hepatitis B vaccine optimal response than others.  There is a need for certain individuals to be re-vaccinated while others should go for a vaccine booster dose.

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Published

30-06-2025

How to Cite

Thomas, K. M., & Mispha, T. (2025). Study on the Impacts of Haemoglobin Genotype on Hepatitis B vaccine Response among Vaccinated Individuals within Bauchi State, Nigeria. UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR), 10(3), 57–63. https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.25103.007

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Conference Special Issue, UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR), Volume 10, Number 3, June 2025

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2025 Thomas, K. M., Titus Mispha

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