Effects of Betaine and Β-Glucan Co-Supplementation on Serum Biochemistry of African Catfish (Clarias Gariepinus) Fingerlings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.25103.032Keywords:
Changes, Co-Supplementation, Fingerlings, Formulated Feed, PhysiologyAbstract
Study’s Excerpt:
- Betaine and β-glucan were co-supplemented at five dietary levels.
- No significant (p > 0.05) changes in serum biochemistry were observed.
- Co-supplementation increased total serum protein in gariepinus.
- Serum glucose levels were lower in supplemented groups vs control.
- Feed additives improved fish physiology without adverse biochemical effects.
Full Abstract:
Feed suitability is one of the factors that strongly influence the serum biochemistry of fish. The effects of betaine and β-glucan co-supplementation on serum biochemistry of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings were evaluated. Betaine and β – glucan were co – supplemented at different dose into formulated feed with 40% crude protein at; 0.0g/100g (BBG0 i.e. control), 0.325g/100g (BBG1), 0.75g/100g (BBG2), 1.125g/100g (BBG3) and 1.50g/100g (BBG4)in triplicate, fed to C. gariepinus fingerlings(n = 300, 10.0±0.00g) in fifteen (15) plastic tanks (n = 20) at a fixed feeding rate of 3% body weight twice daily for twelve (12) weeks. Blood samples were collected for serum biochemical analysis. The water quality parameters were within the recommended ranged for C. gariepinus. Serum values of Total protein (4.20±0.4– 4.75±0.3 g/dL), albumin (2.60±0.1– 2.75±0.1 g/dL), globulin(1.60±0.07–2.00±0.02g/dL), albumin/globulin (A: G) ratio(1.38±0.3 – 1.63±0.4), aspartate aminotransferase i.e. AST(32.00±1.9– 32.90±3.7 U/L),alanine aminotransferase i.e. ALT (53.70±2.1– 55.00±3.5 U/L), glucose (304.00±22–320.00±11 mmol/L), potassium (2.98±0.2– 3.74±0.3 mmol/L), sodium (136.30±11.5–140.10±11.4 mmol/L) and chlorine (107.30±10.2 – 110.70±6.7 mmol/L) respectively were recorded. These changes observed in the serum biochemistry of C. gariepinus fingerlings indicated that betaine and β–glucan co–supplementation at different doses employed in this research did not result in statistically significant (p > 0.05) changes, but had a positive effect on physiology by increasing the total serum protein and lowering the serum carbohydrate values as compared to the control feed.
Downloads
References
Abdel-Hay, A. M., Elsawy, M. Y., Emam, W., Eltras, W. F., & Mohamed, R. A. (2021). Haematological and biochemical blood profile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in ponds of different water depth and fed sinking versus floating diet. Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry, 37(2), 117–126. https://doi.org/10.2298/BAH2102117A
Abdullahi, U. U., Akinwole, A. O., Orisasona, O., Abraham, V. O., Garba, B. A., & Ndako, A. M. (2018). Hematology, serum-biochemistry and survival rate of catfish juveniles fed graded levels of fermented Jatropha curcas kernel meal-based diets. Proceedings of the 33rd Annual Conference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) (pp. 667–672). https://www.fison.org.ng
Abed Ali, H. H., & Al-Faragi, J. K. A. (2017). Efficiency of betaine and β-glucan as feed additives on the growth performance and survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fingerlings. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 5(4), 27–31. https://www.entomoljournal.com
Adesina, S. A. (2017). Haematological and serum biochemical profiles of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed diets containing different inclusion levels of mechanically extracted sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seed meal. Journal of Applied Tropical Agriculture, 22(2), 24–35. https://appliedtropicalagriculture.com
Ali, M. E. (2022). Performance and cost-benefit of African mud catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fed different levels of dietary betaine, β-glucan and co-mixed additives diets [Doctoral dissertation, Modibbo Adama University].
Ali, M. E., Danba, E. P., Sani, T., & Danzaria, A. (2024). Evaluation of the carcass proximate composition of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings fed different levels of maca (Lepidium meyenii, Walp.) root powder as phyto-additive. African Journal of Agricultural Science and Food Research (AJASFR), 15(1), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.62154/yvvdh810
Arena, M. P., Spano, G., & Fiocco, D. (2017). β-glucans and probiotics. American Journal of Immunology, 13(1), 34–44. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajisp.2017.34.44
Awodiran, M. O., Adeniran, F. O., Akinwale, R. O., & Akinwande, A. A. (2019). Microsatellite variability of two populations of Clarias gariepinus (Siluriformes, Clariidae) in Nigeria. Vestnik Zoologii, 53(3), 195–208. https://doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2019-0020
Dauda, J., Abdulsalam, H., Bello, A. M., Audu, Y., Wakawa, A. M., Bolorunduro, P. I., & Tijani, A. A. (2023). Some haemo-biochemical changes induced by gastrointestinal parasites of cultured and wild African catfish in Zaria, Kaduna, Nigeria. Arid Zone Journal of Basic and Applied Research, 2(1), 139–146. https://doi.org/10.55639/607.2838
Elezuo, K. O. (2016). Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed processed almond (Terminalia catappa L.) kernel meal [Doctoral dissertation, University of Ibadan].
George, A., & Uedeme-Naa, B. (2020). Muscle, blood plasma and liver electrolytes of juvenile and adult freshwater catfish, Clarias gariepinus in response to treatment with detergent (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate). International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 8(2), 285–292. http://www.fisheriesjournal.com
Hastuti, S., & Subandiyono, S. (2018). Haematological parameters of the North African catfish Clarias gariepinus farmed using biofloc technology. AACL Bioflux, 11(4), 1415–1424. http://www.bioflux.com.ro/aacl
Huong, D. T. T., Ha, N. T. K., Tien, D. T. M., Tuyen, T. S., & Phu, T. M. (2016). Effect of β-glucans on haematological, immunoglobulins and stress parameters of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerling. Can Tho University Journal of Science, 4, 105–113. https://doi.org/10.22144/ctu.jen.2016.050
Ike-Obasi, J. C., & Ukazu, E. R. (2018). Changes in electrolytes levels in the plasma of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with paraquat dichloride. International Journal of Advanced Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3(7), 1–4. http://www.ijarmps.org
Jamil, A. Z. R. B., Leong-Seng, L., Audrey-Daning, T., Rossita, S., & Gunzo, K. (2019). Acceptability to betaine as a feed enhancer in the brown-marbled grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) at grow-out stage. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology, 41(3), 490–493. https://www.sjst.psu.ac.th
Murthy, H. S., Manai, A., & Patil, P. (2016). Effect of betaine hydrochloride as feed attractant on growth, survival and feed utilization of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Journal of Aquaculture Marine Biology, 4(3), 00083. https://doi.org/10.15406/jamb.2016.04.00083
Ndatsu, Y., Abubakar, H., Usman, H. B., Aliyu, A. O., Yisa, S. P., & Isah, M. A. (2022). Serum biochemical profiles and immune-stimulatory potentials of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed fish meal containing different inclusion levels of Sesamum indicum seed meal. Bima Journal of Science and Technology, 6(2), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.56892/bimajst.v6i02.363
Okey, I. B., Inya, F. U., & Ochang, S. N. (2022). Evaluation of carcass composition, serum biochemical indices and intestinal histology in Clarias gariepinus fed sesame seed meal as replacer for soybean meal. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies, 10(4), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.22271/fish.2022.v10.i5b.2736
Popoola, O. M., & Famuagun, J. A. (2017). Effect of salinity on the growth and total serum protein of Clarias gariepinus using electrophoretic analysis. Proceedings of the 32nd Annual Conference of Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) (pp. 94–98). https://www.fison.org.ng
Rawung, L. D., Ekastutib, D. R., Rahminiwatic, M., Sunarmad, A., Junior, M. Z., & Manaluf, W. (2019). The blood chemistry profile of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) broodstock that supplemented with curcumin and thyroxine hormone during vitellogenesis. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 48(4), 213–223. http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied
Sánchez-Martínez, J. G., Rábago-Castro, J. L., Vázquez-Sauceda, M. L., Pérez-Castañeda, Z., Blanco-Martínez, Z., & Benavides-González, F. (2027). Effect of β-glucan dietary levels on immune response and hematology of channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus juveniles. Latin American Journal of Aquatic Research, 45(4), 690–698. https://doi.org/10.3856/vol45-issue4-fulltext-5
Vetvicka, V., & Vetvickova, J. (2016). Glucan as prebiotic or probiotic? International Clinical Pathology Journal, 2(2), 34–35. https://doi.org/10.15406/icpjl.2016.02.00035
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Ali, M. E., Sogbesan, O. A., Abubakar, K. A., Danba, E. P.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
