Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen among Out Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Kaduna State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1611.006Keywords:
HBsAg, Seroprevalence, Patients, Kaduna, NigeriaAbstract
A survey was conducted amongst 100 randomly selected out-patients attending Nigerian Reference Hospital (44), Kaduna State, Nigeria, in order to ascertain the prevalence of Hepatitis B infection and the general knowledge of people about this highly infectious disease. Sera collected were tested for the presence of Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using Wondfo Diagnostic rapid test Kit (Biotech co. Ltd., China). Questionnaires were also distributed to the subjects in order to ascertain their perception about the disease, and to obtain useful socio demographic information. Chi square test was used to ascertain statistical associations between important characteristics in the study population. A total of 12 out of the 100 patients tested positive to HBsAg, giving a prevalence of 12%. There was significant association between seropositivity of HBsAg and blood donation (p= 0.018, df= 1), and also immunization status (p= 0.0183, df= 1). The knowledge of HBV infection in the study population was generally poor and this may have accounted for the prevalence of 12% in the study population.
Downloads
References
Abiodun P. O., Omoike I. U. (1990): Hepatitis B Surface antigenemia in children in Benin City, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 17 : 27-31.
Ali, S.A., Rafe, M.J., Donahue Qureshi, H and Sten, H. V. (2006): Hepatitis B and C in Pakistan, prevalence and risk factors. International Journal Infectious Disease, 13 (1):9-19.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2008.06.019
Alikor, E.A., and Erhabor, O.N. (2007): Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigenaemia in a Tertiary Health Institution in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Medicine, 16(3):250-251.
https://doi.org/10.4314/njm.v16i4.37331
Budhu, A. and Wang, X.W. (2006): The role of cytokines in hepatocellular carcinoma. J. Leukoc Biol. 80: 1197-1181.
https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0506297
Baba, M.M., Onwuka, I.S., and Baba, S.S. (1999): Hepatitis B and C infections among pregnant women in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Central European Journal of Public Health, 7(2):60-62.
Blattacharya, P., Chandra, P.K., Datta, S., Banerjee, A., Chakrabotry, K., and Rajenfrank, L. (2007): Significant increase in HBV, HCV and syphilis among blood donors in West Beryal, Eastern India. World Journal of Gastroenterology, 13(27):3720-3733.
https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v13.i27.3730
Chukwuka, J.O., Ezechukwu, C.C., Egburonu, I., Okoli, C.I. (2004): Prevalence of hepatitis B. 5th ed. Pathophysiology, Missouri: Sanders, p.886-887.
Eke, A.C., Eke, U.A., Okafor, c.I., Ezebiale, I., and Ogbuagu, C. (2011): Prevalence, correlates and patterns of hepatitis B surface antigen in low resource settings. Virology Journal, 8 (12):1-9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-422X-8-12
Emechebe G O, Emodi I J, Ikefuna A N, Ilechukwu G C, Igwe W C, Ejiofor O S, Ilechukwu C A. (2009): Hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria - A review. Nigerian Medical Journal, 50:18-22.
Ezegbudo, C.N., Agbonbhor, D.E., Nwosu, G.O., Igwe, C.u., Agba, M.I., and Okpala, H.O. (2004): The seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among pregnant women in Anambra State. Sharaz E- Medical Journal, 5(2): 1-8.
Idioha, J.C., Iroha, I.R., Agbafor, N., Nwuzo, A.C., and Ezijeka, G.O. (2010): Comparative study of the effects of single and dual infections of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in peripheral blood lymphocytes of infected individuals in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Medicine and Research, 2(6):98-102.
Kaine W. N., and Okafor, G. O. (1983): Hepatitis B Surface Antigen in Nigerian Children with Sickle Cell Anaemia. Journal of Tropical Paediatrics, 29: 55 - 7.
https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/29.2.104
https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/29.1.55
Luka, S.A., Ibrahim, M.B., and Iliya, S.N. (2008): Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen among pregnant women attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Nigeria. Journal of Parasitology, 29 (1):38-41.
https://doi.org/10.4314/njpar.v29i1.37901
Multimer D. J., Olomi A., Skidmore S., Olomu N., Ratcliffe D., Rodger S. (1994): Viral hepatitis in Nigeria- sickle cell disease and commercial blood donors. QJM, 87: 407-11.
Musa B.B., Bussel S., Borodo M.M., Samaila A.A. and Femi O.L. (2015): Prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection in Nigeria 2000-2013; A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice, 18(2): 163-172.
https://doi.org/10.4103/1119-3077.151035
Obioha, E.E. (2009): Becoming a Street Child in Poverty Ridden Society: A Descriptive Case of Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Social Science, 19(1): 41-49
https://doi.org/10.1080/09718923.2009.11892689
Prescott, L.M., Harley. J.P, and Klein, D.A. (2008): Microbiology, 7th ed. McGraw Hill, New York, p.936.
Sarwar, J., Ahmad, W., Saleem, M., Jamshed, f., Gul, N., and Idrees, M. (2010): Frequency of hepatitis B in asymptomatic patients of District Head Quarters Hospital, Koth, Azad Kashmir. J. Ayub Med. Coll 43 Abbottad, 22(4):139-142.
Ugwuja, E.I. (2010): Seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and liver function test among adolescents in Abakiliki, South Eastern Nigeria. Internet journals of Tropical Medicine, 6(2):1-6.
WHO (1998): No Scientific Justification to suspend Hepatitis B Immunization. Press Release WHO/67 2" d Oct. 1998 http:// v, r.who.int/inf-fr- 1998/en/pr98-67.htm
WHO (2016): Hepatitis B. WHO Fact Sheet. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets. Updated July, 2016. Asssessed 18th November, 2016.
Yang, J., Ray Kim, W., Coelho, R., Mettler, T.A., Benson, J.T., Sanderson, S.O., Therneau, T.M., Kim, B., and Robert, L.R. (2011): Cirrhosis is present in most patients with HepB and hepatocellular carcinoma. Clinical Gastroenterology Hepatology, 9 (1): 64-70.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
