Study on Antibiotic Resistance Profiles Exhibited by Vibrio Species Isolated from Landfill Soils in Zaria Metropolis, Northern Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2493.031Keywords:
Vibrio species, Antimicrobial Resistance, Multidrug Resistance, Public Health and Environmental Management, Zaria MetropolisAbstract
Study’s Novelty/Excerpt
- This study investigates the occurrence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio species isolated from landfill soils in Zaria Metropolis, with a focus on environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance.
- The research uniquely identifies a high prevalence of Vibrio cholerae non-O1 among the isolates and reveals significant multidrug resistance (MDR), particularly against Ampicillin, while also showing complete susceptibility to Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol.
- These findings highlight the potential for landfills to serve as environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance, underscoring the need for further research to understand the implications for public health and environmental management.
Full Abstract
Antibiotic resistance in bacteria presents a major risk to public health and the environment. Infections caused by Vibrio species continue to be a serious public health concern. This study investigated the occurrence and antibiotic resistance profiles of Vibrio species isolates from landfill soils in Zaria Metropolis. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) soil samples were collected from designated landfills in four locations in Sabon-Gari, Samaru, Tudun-Wada, and Zaria City. Vibrio species were isolated using Thiosulphate citrate bile salt sucrose (TCBS) agar. Bacteriological analysis of the soil samples revealed 9(7.50%) Vibrio species isolates with Vibrio cholerae non-O1 exhibiting the highest prevalence of 4 (3.33%) among all isolates. Using the Kirby-Bauer method, the isolates were tested for susceptibility against ten commonly used antibiotics belonging to three different classes. The highest resistance was to Ampicillin (88. 89%), while all the isolates (100%) showed susceptibility to Gentamicin and Chloramphenicol. Five isolates (55.56%) were Multidrug Resistance (MDR). The highest Multidrug Resistance (MDR, 60%) was observed in Vibrio cholerae non-O1. The isolate resistant to the highest number of antibiotics was obtained from the Tudun-Wada sample location. Three isolates (33.33%) showed resistance to 4 antibiotics, while 2 isolates, 1(11.11%) each were resistant to 5 and 6 antibiotics. The isolates were Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) to 4-6 antibiotics, and four different phenotypic resistance profiles were observed among them. The origin and varying levels of resistance to multiple antibiotics indicated could be traced to the faecal constituent of the waste in landfills produced by people or animals that have been treated indiscriminately with various antibiotics or items containing residual antimicrobial agents disposed of in dump soils, highlighting the potential environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance and call for further research to understand the implications for public health and environmental management.
Downloads
References
Adekanle, M.A., Oluremi, A.S. and Akindele, A.A. (2014). Bacteria isolated from waste dump sites soil at Osogbo, Osun State. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology Research, 4(3):66-69.
Ash, R.J., Mauck, B. and Morgan, M. (2002). Antibiotic resistance of Gram negative bacteria in rivers, United States of America. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8:7-12. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0807.010264
Baker-Austin, C., Trinanes, J.A., Taylor, N.G., Hartnell, R., Siitonen, A., Martinez-Urtaza, J. and Verner-Jeffreys, D. (2017). Emerging Vibrio risk at high latitudes in response to ocean warming. Nature Climate Change, 7(10), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate3024
Bier, N., Schwartz, K., Guerra, B., Strauch, E. and Mikoleit, M. (2015). Vibrio cholerae in recreational beach waters, Germany. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 21(6), 953-955. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01179
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). (2014). Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Twenty-Fourth Informational Supplement: M100-S24, 34(1).
Elmahdi, S., DaSilva, L.V., Parveen, S. and Gehring, A. (2016). Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae with respect to seasonal fluctuations in temperature and plankton abundance. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(6), 329.
Ezekiel, C.N., Olarimmoye, A.O., Oyinloye, I.N.A., Olaoye, O.B. and Edum, A.O. (2011). Distribution, antibiogram and multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from commercial poultry feeds in Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(3):294-301.
Gregory, D., Keah-ying, L. and Sunny, C.J. (2013). Quantitative microbial risk assessment of pathogenic vibrios in marine recreational waters of Southern California. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 79(1):294-302. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02674-12
Grisey, E., Belle, E., Dat, J., Mudry, J. and Aleya, L. (2010). Survival of pathogenic and indicator organisms in ground water and landfill leachate through coupling bacterial enumeration with tracer tests. Desalinetia, 261:162-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2010.05.007
Hossain, M. S., Aktaruzzaman, M. Fakhruddin, A. N. M., Uddin, M. J. Rahman, S. H., Chowdhury, M. A. Z. and Alam, M. K. (2012). Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Vibrio species Isolated from Brackish Water Shrimp Culture Environment. Journal of Bangladesh Academy Of Sciences, 36 (2):213-220. https://doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v36i2.12964
Isirima, M.O., Braide, S.A., Chindah, A.C., Nwachukwu, D., Ikoro, U.J., Osuamkpe, A. and Igwe, C. (2005). Technical Reports: Institute of Pollution Studies Laboratory. Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt.
Lazarus, B., Paterson, D.L. and Mollinger, J. L. (2015). The relationship between antimicrobial resistance and patient outcomes: mortality, length of hospital stay, and health care costs. Pharmacotherapy: The Journal of Human Pharmacology and Drug Therapy, 35(9), 856-869.
Nyandjou, Y.M.C., Yakubu, S.E., Abdullahi, I.O. and Machido, D.A. (2018). Enteric Bacteria of Public Health Significance Isolated From Zaria Metropolis Dumpsite Soil. Science World Journal, 13(4):30-34.
Odeyemi, O.A., Ajuwape, A.T.P., Oyofo, B. A. and Amisu, K.O. (2020). Detection of Vibrio species in water sources in Abeokuta, Ogun state, Nigeria. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 14(4), 190-196.
Olukosi, O.M, Ameh, J.B., Abdullahi, I.O. and Whong, C.M.Z. (2016). Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Drinking Water from parts of Kaduna South, Kaduna State, Nigeria. International Journal of Applied Biological Research, 7(2): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v9i2.26
Osei, F.B. and Duker, A.A. (2008). Spatial dependency of V. cholerae prevalence on open space refuse dumps in Kumasi, Ghana: a spatial statistical modeling. International Journal of Health Geography, 7:62. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-7-62
Osunwoke, J.I. and Kuforiji, O.O. (2012). Health impact of microorganisms associated with waste dump sites in a private University. Journal of Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection, 2(1):59.
Oviasogie, F.E., Ajuzie, C.U. and Ighodaro, U.G. (2010). Bacterial analysis of soil from waste Dumpsite. Archives of Applied Science Research, 2(5):161-167.
Smith, J., Fowora, M.A., Atiba, A., Nwaokorie, F.O. and Fingesi, T. (2023). Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Vibrio species isolated from landfill soil: Journal of Environmental microbiology, 45(7):1234-1256.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
