Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing E. coli in some Ready-to-Eat Foods sold in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Yetunde E Akerele; Chikezie C Onuoha; Ekemini V Udofia; Blessing C Amadi; Mary A Mbahi; Adati B Ladu; George Adekplorvi; Gloria A Asibe; Theophilus K Boakye; Bashir M Ahmad; Muhammad M Umar; Benedict A Wankan; Esther F Kehinde; Abimbola A Aladeselu; Joy O Augustine; Miracle Aliemeke; John O Omoniyi

doi:10.47430/ujmr.2492.021

Authors

Yetunde E Akerele Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
Chikezie C Onuoha Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6717-1707
Ekemini V Udofia Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3403-0440
Blessing C Amadi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0915-0477
Mary A Mbahi Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Federal University Kashere, Gombe State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6672-0225
Adati B Ladu Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3600-5845
George Adekplorvi Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9309-4201
Gloria A Asibe Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4494-2503
Theophilus K Boakye Economie des Resources Naturelles, Faculty of Forestry, Ecole Nationale Forestière d’Ingénieurs, Morocco https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9314-4367
Bashir M Ahmad Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0771-1338
Muhammad M Umar Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1372-9567
Benedict A Wankan Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, Faculty of Life Sciences, Modibbo Adama University, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9028-6118
Esther F Kehinde Department of Public Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Art, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2126-9506
Abimbola A Aladeselu Department of Public Health, Faculty of Social Sciences and Art, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2709-7194
Joy O Augustine Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Ghana, Ghana https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8656-1232
Miracle Aliemeke Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8870-2041
John O Omoniyi Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7993-8723

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2492.021

Keywords:

Antibiotics, Resistance, Esherichia coli, Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), Ready-to-Eat (RTE) foods, Foodborne illness

Abstract

Study’s Excerpt:

This study assessed bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance in ready-to-eat foods in Akure.
A total of 416 food samples underwent culture, biochemical, and molecular analyses, including PCR.
Escherichia coli, including 68.42% ESBL strains, was most prevalent in meat (44.44%) and rice (21.05%).
Resistance profiling showed high resistance to fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and tetracycline.
Findings highlight public health risks, urging stricter food safety policies and antimicrobial control.

Full Abstract:

This study investigated bacterial contamination and antibiotic resistance in ready-to-eat (RTE) foods sold by local vendors in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of 416 food samples, including rice, beans, meat pies, and snacks, were analyzed for pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli (E. coli), including strains like Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli O157:H7, was among the most isolated contaminants, particularly from meat samples. Across all samples, 100% bacterial contamination was observed, with additional pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus spp., and Streptococcus spp. playing a significant role. Notably, 68.42% of the E. coli isolates were found to produce Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL), conferring significant resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Resistance to other antibiotics such as clotrimazole, tetracycline, and amoxicillin was widespread, though isolates remained sensitive to ofloxacin and nalidixic acid. These findings underscore the persistent public health risk of foodborne illnesses, driven by poor hygiene practices and rising antimicrobial resistance. The study emphasizes the need for molecular characterization, advanced biochemical systems like API and VITEK for accurate pathogen identification, stricter food safety regulations, and responsible antibiotic use to curb the threat of antimicrobial resistance in foodborne pathogens.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adeluwoye-Ajayi, O. A., Thomas, F. M., & Awoniyi, R. R. (2021). Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle Faeces in Owo Metropolis. International Journal of Pathogen Research, 8(4), 32–39. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpr/2021/v8i430212

Andersson, D. I., & Hughes, D. (2017). Selection and transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Microbiology Spectrum, 5(4), 10-1128. https://doi.org/10.1128/microbiolspec.mtbp-0013-2016

Andrade, A. A., Paiva, A. D., & Machado, A. B. F. (2023). Microbiology of street food: understanding risks to improve safety. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 134(8), lxad167. https://doi.org/10.1093/jambio/lxad167

Azekhueme, I., Moses, A. E., & Abbey, S. D. (2015). Extended spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo-Nigeria. Journal of Advances in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(3), 117-125. https://doi.org/10.9734/JAMPS/2015/15384

Band, V. I., & Weiss, D. S. (2014). Mechanisms of antimicrobial peptide resistance in gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotics, 4(1), 18-41.

Beshiru, A., Igbinosa, I. H., Enabulele, T. I., Ogofure, A. G., Kayode, A. J., Okoh, A. I., & Igbinosa, E. O. (2023). Biofilm and antimicrobial resistance profile of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in vegetables and salads. LWT, 182, 114913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114913

Bush, K., & Bradford, P. A. (2020). Epidemiology of β-lactamase-producing pathogens. Clinical microbiology reviews, 33(2), 10-1128. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00047-19

Caneschi, A., Bardhi, A., Barbarossa, A., & Zaghini, A. (2023). The use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine, a complex phenomenon: A narrative review. Antibiotics, 12(3), 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030487

Cheesbrough, M. (2006). District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part 2. Cambridge university press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511543470

Conway, A., Ehuwa, O., Manning, M., Maye, A., Moran, F., Jaiswal, A. K., & Jaiswal, S. (2023). Evaluation of irish consumers’ knowledge of salmonellosis and food-handling practices. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 18(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00003-022-01405-w

Dela, H., Egyir, B., Behene, E., Sulemana, H., Tagoe, R., Bentil, R., ... & Addo, K. K. (2023). Microbiological quality and antimicrobial resistance of Bacteria species recovered from ready-to-eat food, water samples, and palm swabs of food vendors in Accra, Ghana. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 396, 110195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2023.110195

Emmanuel, O. U. (2015). Bacteriological Quality of Ready-to-Eat Foods Sold within Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital and Its Immediate Environs. The International Journal of Science and Technoledge, 3(9), 176.

Garba, L., Yusha’u, M., Abdullahi, M. M., Abubakar, M. U., Inuwa, A. B., Isa, S., & Adamu, M. T. (2018). Effectiveness of double discs synergy test in the confirmation of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESβL) Production. Journal of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, 6(2), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.54987/jobimb.v6i2.428

Giri, S., Kudva, V., Shetty, K., & Shetty, V. (2021). Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in ready-to-eat street foods. Antibiotics, 10(7), 850. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070850

Havelaar, A. H., Kirk, M. D., Torgerson, P. R., Gibb, H. J., Hald, T., Lake, R. J., & World Health Organization Foodborne Disease Burden Epidemiology Reference Group. (2015). World Health Organization global estimates and regional comparisons of the burden of foodborne disease in 2010. PLoS medicine, 12(12), e1001923. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923

Horesh, G., Blackwell, G. A., Tonkin-Hill, G., Corander, J., Heinz, E., & Thomson, N. R. (2021). A comprehensive and high-quality collection of Escherichia coli genomes and their genes. Microbial genomics, 7(2), 000499. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000499

Ibrahim, H. I., Abdulrasheed, M., Hamza, J. A., Mohammed, S. A., Ibrahim, S., Babayo, C., & Nicholas, M. P. (2020). Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms from Street Vended Ready-to-Eat Foods in Gombe Metropolis, Nigeria. UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR), 5(2), 26-32. https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2052.004

Igbinosa, E. O., Beshiru, A., Igbinosa, I. H., Ogofure, A. G., & Uwhuba, K. E. (2021). Prevalence and characterization of food-borne Vibrio parahaemolyticus from African salad in southern Nigeria. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 632266. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.632266

Jimeta, Z. G., Kiri, A. S., Gambo, Z. B., & Sakiyo, D. C. (2022). Isolation and Identification of Fungi Associated with Rot of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in Jimeta, Yola North Local Government Area, Adamawa State. Asian Journal of Plant Biology, 4(1), 26-29. https://doi.org/10.54987/ajpb.v4i1.700

Kimera, Z. I., Mshana, S. E., Rweyemamu, M. M., Mboera, L. E., & Matee, M. I. (2020). Antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals and the environment: an African perspective. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 9, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-020-0697-x

Kinsella, K. J., Prendergast, D. M., McCann, M. S., Blair, I. S., McDowell, D. A., & Sheridan, J. J. (2009). The survival of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium DT104 and total viable counts on beef surfaces at different relative humidities and temperatures. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 106(1), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2008.03989.x

Klees, S., Effelsberg, N., Stührenberg, B., Mellmann, A., Schwarz, S., & Köck, R. (2020). Prevalence and epidemiology of multidrug-resistant pathogens in the food chain and the urban environment in Northwestern Germany. Antibiotics, 9(10), 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9100708

Lammie, S. L., & Hughes, J. M. (2016). Antimicrobial resistance, food safety, and one health: the need for convergence. Annual review of food science and technology, 7, 287-312. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-041715-033251

Makinde, O. M., Ayeni, K. I., Sulyok, M., Krska, R., Adeleke, R. A., & Ezekiel, C. N. (2020). Microbiological safety of ready‐to‐eat foods in low‐and middle‐income countries: A comprehensive 10‐year (2009 to 2018) review. Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety, 19(2), 703-732. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12533

Manyi-Loh, C., Mamphweli, S., Meyer, E., & Okoh, A. (2018). Antibiotic use in agriculture and its consequential resistance in environmental sources: potential public health implications. Molecules, 23(4), 795. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23040795

Mengistu, D. A., Belami, D. D., Tefera, A. A., & Alemeshet Asefa, Y. (2022). Bacteriological quality and public health risk of ready-to-eat foods in developing countries: systematic review and meta-analysis. Microbiology Insights, 15, 11786361221113916. https://doi.org/10.1177/11786361221113916

Mengistu, D. A., & Tolera, S. T. (2020). Prevalence of microorganisms of public health significance in ready‐to‐eat foods sold in developing countries: systematic review and meta‐analysis. International Journal of Food Science, 2020(1), 8867250. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8867250

Munekata, P. E., Pateiro, M., Rodríguez-Lázaro, D., Domínguez, R., Zhong, J., & Lorenzo, J. M. (2020). The role of essential oils against pathogenic Escherichia coli in food products. Microorganisms, 8(6), 924. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060924

Naveed, M., Chaudhry, Z., Bukhari, S. A., Meer, B., & Ashraf, H. (2020). Antibiotics resistance mechanism. In Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in the Environment (pp. 292-312). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-818882-8.00019-X

Ndahi, M. D., Hendriksen, R., Helwigh, B., Card, R. M., Fagbamila, I. O., Abiodun-Adewusi, O. O., & Andersen, J. K. (2023). Determination of antimicrobial use in commercial poultry farms in Plateau and Oyo States, Nigeria. Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, 12(1), 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13756-023-01235-x

NCCLS (2004) National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk and Dilution Susceptibility Tests for Bacteria: Approved Standard M31-A2. NCCLS, Wayne.

Odeyemi, O. A. (2016). Public health implications of microbial food safety and foodborne diseases in developing countries. Food & nutrition research, 60(1), 29819. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v60.29819

Oseyemi, F. H. (2023). Appraising the Knowledge and the Practice of Food Safety Procedure and Hygiene among Food Vendors in Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. American Journal of Physical Education and Health Science, 1(1), 31-38. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajpehs.v1i1.1614

Perovic, O., Ismail, H., Van Schalkwyk, E., Lowman, W., Prentice, E., Senekal, M., & Govind, C. N. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in the South African private sector report for 2016. Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases, 33(4), 114-117. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajid.v33i4.160

Ramos, S., Silva, V., Dapkevicius, M. D. L. E., Caniça, M., Tejedor-Junco, M. T., Igrejas, G., & Poeta, P. (2020). Escherichia coli as commensal and pathogenic bacteria among food-producing animals: Health implications of extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production. Animals, 10(12), 2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122239

Sader, H. S., Castanheira, M., Flamm, R. K., Huband, M. D., & Jones, R. N. (2016). Ceftazidime-avibactam activity against aerobic gram-negative organisms isolated from intra-abdominal infections in United States hospitals, 2012–2014. Surgical Infections, 17(4), 473-478. https://doi.org/10.1089/sur.2016.036

Shaikh, S., Fatima, J., Shakil, S., Rizvi, S. M. D., & Kamal, M. A. (2015). Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta-lactamases: Types, epidemiology and treatment. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 22(1), 90-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2014.08.002

Sidek, H. J., Azman, M. A., & Sharudin, M. S. M. (2018). The Synergistic Antibacterial Effect of Azadirachta indica Leaves Extract and Aloe barbadensis Gel Against Bacteria Associated with Skin Infection. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on the Future of ASEAN (ICoFA) 2017–Volume 2: Science and Technology (pp. 581-591). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8471-3_58

Singh, K. S., Anand, S., Dholpuria, S., Sharma, J. K., & Shouche, Y. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance paradigm and one-health approach. Sustainable Agriculture Reviews 46: Mitigation of Antimicrobial Resistance Vol 1 Tools and Targets, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53024-2_1

Vázquez-López, R., Hernández-Martínez, T., Larios-Fernández, S. I., Piña-Leyva, C., Lara-Lozano, M., Guerrero-González, T., & González-Barrios, J. A. (2023). Characterization of Beta-Lactam Resistome of Escherichia coli Causing Nosocomial Infections. Antibiotics, 12(9), 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12091355

Ventola, C. L. (2015). The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. Pharmacy and therapeutics, 40(4), 277.

Vounba, P., Arsenault, J., Bada-Alambedji, R., & Fairbrother, J. M. (2019). Antimicrobial resistance and potential pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolates from healthy broilers in Québec, Canada. Microbial Drug Resistance, 25(7), 1111-1121. https://doi.org/10.1089/mdr.2018.0403

Wang, S. K., Fu, L. M., Chen, G. W., Xiao, H. M., Pan, D., Shi, R. F., & Sun, G. J. (2020). Multisite survey of bacterial contamination in ready‐to‐eat meat products throughout the cooking and selling processes in urban supermarket, Nanjing, China. Food Science & Nutrition, 8(5), 2427-2435. https://doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1532

Yu, K., Huang, Z., Xiao, Y., & Wang, D. (2022). Shewanella infection in humans: epidemiology, clinical features and pathogenicity. Virulence, 13(1), 1515-1532. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2022.2117831

Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing E. coli in some Ready-to-Eat Foods sold in Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

Downloads

References

Downloads

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

License

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Make a Submission

ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING: