Reproductive and Mortality Outcomes in Wistar Rats Following Oral Polio Vaccine Administration

Ibrahim Baffa Musa Anda; Tukur Jamilu; H G Bawa-Sani; A Bashir; A Umar

doi:10.47430/ujmr.25101.004

Authors

Ibrahim Baffa Musa Anda Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Umaru Musa Yaradua University Katsina, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2134-2167
Tukur Jamilu Departmemt of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Federal Teaching Hospital, Katsina, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1529-0448
H G Bawa-Sani Department of Pharmacology and therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Umaru Musa Yaradua University, Katsina https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-2391
A Bashir Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Umaru Musa Yaradua University Katsina, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2465-1937
A Umar Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Umar Musa Yaradua University, Katsina, Nigeria https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9021-3945

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.25101.004

Keywords:

OPV:Oral Polio vaccine, Reproductive Profile, Mortality indices, Wister rats

Abstract

Study's Excerpt:

OPV was tested in Wistar rats to assess its effect on fertility amid public concern in Northern Nigeria.
Male rats were paired with females; pregnancy rates and hormone levels were evaluated in all groups.
No significant differences in pregnancies or deliveries were observed between control and test groups.
Semen analysis showed normal parameters in all males, with higher motility in OPV-treated groups.
The study confirms OPV had no adverse effects on reproductive health in male or female Wistar rats.

Full Abstract:

Rumors surrounding the potential side effect of infertility caused by the oral polio vaccine (OPV) have led parents and caregivers in Northern Nigeria to reject the OPVs. Unfortunately, little attention has been given to confirming or refuting this concern, and limited research addresses this gap. OPVs were administered to Wistar rats in varying doses, and their reproductive health and mortality indices were evaluated over a six-week period. The Wistar rats were divided into three experimental groups consisting of 10 male and 27 female rats. Each male rat was paired with three female rats and assigned to one control group and two experimental groups. Pregnancy tests, live delivery outcomes, estrogen and progesterone levels in females, and sperm parameters in males were methodically documented. Pregnancies were recorded in 6 (66%), 6 (66%), and 7 (77%) of the female rats in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively, resulting in the delivery of 14, 15, and 16 offspring in the three groups. The mean number of pregnancies and deliveries was similar across the three groups, with no statistically significant difference (p>0.05). All male rats showed normal semen parameters. The comparison of mean semen analysis findings among the three groups was not statistically significant, except for sperm motility, which was higher in groups 2 and 3. OPV did not have any detrimental effect on the reproductive performance of both female and male rats. This study demonstrated that OPVs have no effect on the reproductive outcomes in both male and female rats exposed to OPVs.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abimbola, S. A. (2014). Integration, community engagement, and polio eradication in Nigeria. The Lancet, 2, 315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70034-8

Adu, F. D. (2005). The virology of the polio virus. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine, 3(1), 13-19. https://doi.org/10.4314/aipm.v3i1.39072

Baba, M. M., & Ayivor, M. (2012). Polio vaccination in Nigeria: The good, the bad and the ugly. Journal of Antivirals & Antiretrovirals, S15, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.4172/jaa.S15-004

Bigna, J. J. R. (2016). Polio eradication efforts in regions of geopolitical strife: The Boko Haram threat to efforts in Sub-Saharan Africa. African Health Sciences, 16(2), 584-587. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v16i2.28

Blume, S., & Geesink, I. (2000). A brief history of polio vaccines. Science, 288(5471), 1593-1594. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1593

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Polio vaccination. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/polio/index.html

Chen, C. (2004). Rebellion against the polio vaccine in Nigeria: Implications for humanitarian policy. African Health Sciences, 4(3), 201-203.

Cochi, S. L., Hegg, L., Kaur, A., Pandak, C., & Jafari, H. (2016). The Global Polio Eradication Initiative: Progress, lessons learned, and polio legacy transition planning. Health Affairs, 35(2), 277-283. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1104

Daley, J. K., Geshman, L. A., Skipworth, J., & Rall, G. F. (2005). Poliovirus replication and spread in primary neuron cultures. Virology, 340, 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.05.032

Ghinai, I., Willot, C., Dadari, I., & Larson, H. J. (2013). Listening to the rumours: What the northern Nigeria polio vaccine boycott can tell us ten years on. Global Public Health, 8(10), 1138-1150. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2013.859720

Global Polio Eradication Initiative. (2017). Oral polio vaccines. http://polioeradication.org/polio-today/polio-prevention/the-vaccines/opv/

Hamborsky, J., Kroger, A., & Wolfe, C. (Eds.). (2015). Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases: The pink book (13th ed.). Public Health Foundation.

Iliyasu, Z., Nwaze, E., & Varma, H. (2014). Survey of poliovirus antibodies in Kano, Northern Nigeria. Vaccine, 32, 1414-1420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.060

Jegede, A. S. (2007). What led to the Nigerian boycott of the polio vaccination campaign? PLOS Medicine, 4(3), 417-422. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0040073

Johns Hopkins University. (2017). Animal care and use committee. http://web.jhu.edu/animalcare/procedures/rat.html

Kimman, T. G., & Boot, H. (2006). The polio eradication effort has been a great success - Let's finish it and replace it with something even better. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 6, 675-678. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(06)70603-X

Laforce, F. M., Lichnevski, M. S., Keja, J., & Henderson, R. H. (1980). Clinical survey techniques to estimate prevalence and annual incidence of poliomyelitis in developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 58(4), 609-620.

Michael, C. A., Ogbuanu, U. I., & Storms, A. D. (2014). An assessment of the reasons for oral poliovirus vaccine refusals in northern Nigeria. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 210(Suppl 1), S125-S130. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiu436

Mundel, T., & Orenstein, W. A. (2013). No country safe without global eradication of poliomyelitis. The New England Journal of Medicine, 369(21), 2045-2046. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMe1311591

Nasiru, S. G., Aliyu, G. G., & Gasasira, A. (2012). Breaking community barriers to polio vaccination in northern Nigeria: The impact of a grass roots mobilization campaign (Majigi). Pathogens and Global Health, 106(3), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.1179/2047773212Y.0000000018

Nasiru, S. G., Aliyu, G. G., & Yau, I. (2014). From intense rejection to advocacy: How Muslim clerics were engaged in a polio eradication initiative in northern Nigeria. PLOS Medicine, 11(8), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001687

National Advisory Committee for Laboratory Animal Research. (2004). Guidelines on the care and use of animals for scientific purposes. http://www3.ntu.edu.sg/research2/Grants%20Handbook/NACLAR-guide%20Lines.pdf

Nathanson, N., & Kew, O. M. (2010). From emergence to eradication: The epidemiology of poliomyelitis deconstructed. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172, 1213-1229. https://doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwq320

Nomoto, A. (2007). Molecular aspects of poliovirus pathogenesis. Proceedings of the Japan Academy, Series B, Physical and Biological Sciences, 83(8), 266-275.

Okonkwo, I. O., Ogun, A. A., & Adedeji, A. O. (2009). Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus and its implications for polio surveillance and eradication in Nigeria: A review of the literature. Scientific Research and Essays, 4(5), 398-418.

Omole, O., Welye, H., & Abimbola, S. (2015). Boko Haram insurgency: Implications for public health. The Lancet, 385, 941. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60207-0

Onankpa, B. O., Airede, K. I., Ahmed, H., & Jiya, N. M. (2006). The birth weight of apparently healthy Nigerian newborns in Sokoto. Sahel Medical Journal, 9(1), 19–22. https://doi.org/10.4314/smj2.v9i1.12919

Osazuwa-Peters, N. (2011). Determinants of health disparities: The perennial struggle against polio in Nigeria. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2(3), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1875-595X.2011.00101.x

Owolabi, L. F., & Shokunbi, M. T. (2016). Effect of caffeine on foetal morphometric parameters of embryonic Wistar rat. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences, 2(13), 67-71. https://doi.org/10.4103/0331-8540.187362

Pallansch, M. A., & Sandhu, H. S. (2006). The eradication of polio - Progress and challenges. The New England Journal of Medicine, 355(24), 2508-2511. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp068200

Racaniello, V. R. (2006). One hundred years of poliovirus pathogenesis. Virology, 344(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2005.09.015

Renne, E. P. (2006). Perspectives on polio and immunization in northern Nigeria. Social Science & Medicine, 63, 1857-1869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.025

Renne, E. P. (2012). Polio in Nigeria. History Compass, 10(7), 496-511. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-0542.2012.00859.x

Rolland, R. R. (1990). Picornaviridae and their replication. In B. N. Fields & D. M. Knife (Eds.), Field virology (2nd ed., pp. 507-605). Raven Press.

Sabin, A. B. (1985). Oral poliovirus vaccine: History of its development and use and current challenge to eliminate poliomyelitis from the world. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 151(3), 420-435. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/151.3.420

Samba, E., Nkrumah, F., & Leke, R. (2004). Getting polio eradication back on track in Nigeria. The New England Journal of Medicine, 350(7), 645-646. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp038210

Sengupta, P. (2013). The laboratory rat: Relating its age with humans. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 4(6), 624-630.

Shahzad, A. (2009). Time for a worldwide shift from oral polio vaccine to inactivated polio vaccine. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 49(8), 1287-1288. https://doi.org/10.1086/605691

Shirreff, G., Wadood, M. Z., Vaz, R. M., Sutter, R. W., & Grassly, N. C. (2017). Estimated effect of inactivated poliovirus vaccine campaigns, Nigeria and Pakistan, January 2014-April 2016. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 23(2), 258-263. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2302.161210

Singh, A. S., & Masuku, M. B. (2014). Sampling techniques and determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview. International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management, 2(11), 1-22.

Vidyadara, S. (2016). Poliomyelitis. Medscape. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1259213-overview

Wassilak, S., & Orenstein, W. (2010). Challenges faced by the global polio eradication initiative. Expert Review of Vaccines, 9(5), 447-449. https://doi.org/10.1586/erv.10.45

Wassilak, S., Pate, M. A., & Wannemuehler, K. (2011). Outbreak of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus in Nigeria: Emergence and widespread circulation in an underimmunized population. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 203(1), 898-909. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiq140

World Health Organization. (2012). Oral polio vaccine. http://who.int/immunization_standards/vaccine_quality/qa_production_control_pq_11july2012.pdf

World Health Organization. (2016). Nigeria marks two years without wild polio. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2016/nigeria-polio/en/

World Health Organization. (2017). Poliomyelitis. http://www.who.int/topics/poliomyelitis/en/

Reproductive and Mortality Outcomes in Wistar Rats Following Oral Polio Vaccine Administration

Authors

DOI:

Keywords:

Abstract

Downloads

References

Downloads

Published

How to Cite

Issue

Section

License

Make a Submission

ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING: