Menace of Ebola Virus Disease: A Review

Abstract

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) a deadly disease that affect human and apes like gorilla, chimpanzee antelopes and so on. The causative virus is found mostly in Africa. It had been uncovered first in mid 1970s on the brink of the River of Ebola village. Since from the primary inception of the strange disease in Democratic Republic of Congo, there has been a periodic outbreak of the disease in some African countries, affecting many people within the region. A systematic review was conducted using Google search Engine, Cochrane database systemic review (CDSR), Centre for Disease Control and prevention and World Health Organization EVD report Databases. The 2014-2016 Ebola outbreaks in West Africa were the most important and most complex, which began in Guinea and spread to Liberia, Nigeria and Sierra Leone. Before the disease is contained, it kills about 11,000 people and quite 28,000 people being affected from it first mid 1970s detection to late 2016. The virus is transmitted from fruit bat in touch of with other animals and passes on the infection to humans through handling infected, dead or sick animals found within the forest or through direct contact with bats. Human to human transmission occurs through direct contact with the blood, secretions and other body fluids. Symptoms of the virus are: sudden onset of fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, sore throat, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, impaired kidney and liver function, and bleeding from body openings. Recent advancements have been carried out in the form of effective Ebola Virus Vaccine Inmazeb and Ebanga for Zaire Ebola Virus and anti-Ebola virus drug rVSV-ZEBOV (Ervebo). However, the rapid geographic propagation, non-specific clinical presentation, lack of adequate vaccine and specific diagnostic assay are the possible challenges to combat the dreaded public health menace of Ebola Virus Disease.