Vaccination Gaps Despite High Awareness: A Study of Hepatitis B Risk and Uptake Among High-Risk Healthcare Workers in Zaria, Nigeria

Authors

  • Yunusa Ahmad Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Allied Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
  • Ado Shehu Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria
  • Khadija Bambale Yahaya Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Allied Health Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
  • Usman Usman Sanusi Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria
  • Yusuf Misau Abdu Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi State, Nigeria
  • Attahir Ayuba Sa’ad Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Sardar Patel University, India
  • Ummukulsum Mustapha Department of Nursing Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Khadija University, Majia, Jigawa State, Nigeria
  • Sagir Magaji Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Allied Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
  • Aliyu Maigoro Muhammad Department of Community Medicine, Federal University Dutse, Jigawa State, Nigeria
  • Fatima Yakubu Zubairu
  • Rabi Idris Tijjani Jigawa State College of Nursing Science, Birnin Kudu, Jigawa, Nigeria
  • Muttaka Umar Jigawa State College of Nursing Science, Birnin Kudu, Jigawa, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.25103.052

Keywords:

Assessment, Knowledge, High-Risk, Healthcare Workers, Vaccination Uptake

Abstract

Study’s Excerpt:

  • HBV is a major occupational hazard for Nigerian healthcare workers.
  • Study assessed knowledge, risk, and vaccination among 80 staff.
  • Nurses were less likely to be vaccinated compared to doctors.
  • Age and years of service increased likelihood of vaccination.
  • Employer-driven policies and awareness campaigns are essential.

Full Abstract:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a significant occupational hazard for healthcare workers, particularly in regions with high disease endemicity such as Nigeria.  This study assesses the knowledge, risk, and Vaccination status among high-risk healthcare workers in Ahmadu Bello University Medical Centre, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.  The research aims to assess the level of knowledge, perceived risk, vaccination status, and factors influencing vaccine uptake among healthcare workers.  A descriptive, non-experimental cross-sectional study design was adopted, utilizing self-structured questionnaires administered to 80 healthcare workers selected through purposive sampling.  Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 24 and presented in tables.  Findings reveal that logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with Hepatitis B vaccination uptake among healthcare workers.  Profession emerged as a significant predictor, with nurses being less likely to be vaccinated compared to doctors (Odds Ratio [OR] = 0.78; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.54–0.98; p = 0.037).  Age showed a positive association with vaccine uptake (OR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.08–1.59; p< 0.001), indicating that older healthcare workers were more likely to complete the vaccination schedule.  Similarly, years of service were significantly associated with increased vaccination (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09–1.32; p = 0.032), suggesting that cumulative workplace exposure may influence uptake.  The study highlights the need for targeted interventions, including employer-driven vaccination policies, educational workshops, and improved vaccine accessibility.  Government and non-governmental organizations should prioritize awareness campaigns and mandatory vaccination programs to enhance protection among high-risk healthcare workers.

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Published

30-06-2025

How to Cite

Ahmad, Y., Shehu, A., Yahaya, K. B., Sanusi, U. U., Abdu, Y. M., Sa’ad, A. A., Mustapha, U., Magaji, S., Muhammad, A. M., Zubairu, F. Y., Tijjani, R. I., & Umar, M. (2025). Vaccination Gaps Despite High Awareness: A Study of Hepatitis B Risk and Uptake Among High-Risk Healthcare Workers in Zaria, Nigeria. UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR), 10(3), 552–562. https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.25103.052

Issue

Vol. 10 No. 3 (2025): Conference Special Issue, UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR), Volume 10, Number 3, June 2025

Section

Articles

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Yunusa Ahmad, Ado Shehu, Khadija Bambale Yahaya, Usman Usman Sanusi, Yusuf Misau Abdu, Attahir Ayuba Sa’ad, Ummukulsum Mustapha, Sagir Magaji, Aliyu Maigoro Muhammad, Fatima Yakubu Zubairu, Rabi Idris Tijjani, Muttaka Umar

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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