Nasopharyngeal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Horses and Horse Handlers in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2161.026Keywords:
Antibiotics, Horses, Horse Handlers, Nasopharyngeal, StaphylococciAbstract
Staphylococcal species are important opportunistic bacterial pathogens that can asymptomatically colonize both human and animals bodies. The presence of nasopharyngeal carriage Staphylococci has been an increased risk factor of acquiring an infection with this pathogen. The present study aimed at determining the nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcal aureus in horses and horse handlers in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. One hundred and sixty (160) non-duplicated nasopharyngeal samples were collected using sterile swab stick from each horse and 100 from consented horse handlers. All the samples were analyzed using a standard bacteriological procedure. Antibiotics susceptibility testing to eight (8) most commonly used antibiotics was carried out using a modified Kirby Bauer method. One hundred and forty-two (88.8%) staphylococcal isolates were recovered from horses and 84 (84.0%) from horse handlers. Among all the isolated staphylococci high sensitivity was observed in response to Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin antibiotics, while Tetracycline was found to have the least activity. The report of this study showed a high prevalence of Staphylococci among horses and horse handlers. Moreover, it confirmed the tendency of Staphylococcal isolates cross-transmission between horses and handlers in the study site. This study indicated the importance of increase in handler's awareness of possible risk factors of staphylococcal colonization that can lead to invasive infection.
Downloads
References
Abdulkadir, A. (2014). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse Handlers in Kaduna and Zaria, Nigeria. An MSc Thesis in the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Retrieved on 5thJanuary, 2020.
Adegoke, A.A. andOkoh, A.I. (2014). Species diversity and antibiotic resistance properties of Staphylococcus of farm animal origin in Nkonkobe Municipality, South Africa. Folia Microbiology,59:133-140.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12223-013-0275-1
Agabou, A., Ouchenane, Z., NgbaEssebe, C., Khemissi, S., Chehboub, M.T.E., Chehboub, I.B., Sotto, A., Dunyach- Remy, C. andLavigne, J.P. (2017)Emergence of nasal carriage of ST80 and ST152 PVL+ Staphylococcus aureus isolates from livestock in Algeria. Toxins,9:303 - 315.
https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins9100303
Cheebrough, M.(2010). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Cambridge University Press, 2:64-67.
Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) (2019). Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, Twenty - Seven Informational Supplement.M02-A12, M07-A10, and M11-A8. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 950 West Valley Road, Suite 2500 Wayne, PA 19087 USA, 27:18 - 22.
Cuny, C., Kuemmerle, J., Stanek, C., Willey, B., Strommenger, B. and Witte, W. (2006). Emergence of MRSA Infections In Horses In A Veterinary Hospital: Strain Characterisation And Comparison With Mrsa From Humans. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,11(1): 44-47
https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.01.00595-en
Gaddafi, M.S., Yakubu,Y., Garba, B., Bello, M.B., Musawa, A.I. and Lawal, H. (2020). Occurrence and antimicrobial resistant patterns of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among practicing veterinarians in Kebbi state, Nigeria. FoliaVeterinarian, 64(4): 55-62.199
https://doi.org/10.2478/fv-2020-0038
Islam, M.Z, Espinosa-Gongora, C., Damborg, P., Sieber, R.N.,Munk, R., Husted, L., Moodley, A., Skov, R., Larsen, J. andGuardabassi, L. (2017). Horses in Denmark are a reservoir of diverse clones of methicillin-resistant and - susceptible Staphylococcusaureus. Front Microbiology,8:543
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00543
Iverson, S.A., Brazil, A.M., Ferguson, J.M., Nelson, K., Lautenbach, E., Rankin, S.C., Morris, D.O. and Davis, M.F. (2015). Anatomical patterns of colonization of pets with staphylococcal species in homes of people with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus (MRSA) skin or soft tissue infection (SSTI). Veterinary Microbiology,176:202- 208.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.01.003
Klous, G., Huss, A., Heederik, D.J.J. and Coutinho, R.A. (2016). Human- livestock contacts and their relationship to transmission of zoonotic pathogens, a systematic review of literature. One Health, 2: 65-76.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.onehlt.2016.03.001
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) (2018).The latest population figures from National Bureau of Statistics you need to see; Business Insider by Pulse; Retrieved on 15th December 2019.
O'Malleya, S.M., Emeleb, F.E., Nwaokoriec, F.O., Idika, N., Umeizudike, A.K., Emeka-Nwabunniae, I., Hanson, B.M., Nair, R., Wardyn, S.E. and Smith, T.C. (2015). Molecular typing of antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Nigeria. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 8:187- 193.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2014.08.001
Pantosti, A., Sanchini, A. and Monaco, M. (2007). Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus aureus. Future Microbiology,2(3):323-334
https://doi.org/10.2217/17460913.2.3.323
Saei, H.D. and Safari, E. (2019). Methicillin resistance and clonal diversity of Staphylococcusaureus isolated from nasal samples of healthy horses in Iran. Annals of Microbiology, 69:923- 931
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-019-01484-5
Sakr, A., Brégeon, F., Mège, J.L., Rolain, J.M. and Blin, O. (2018). Staphylococcusaureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections. Front Microbiology, 9:2419
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.02419
Selva, L., Viana, D. and Corpa, J.M. (2015). Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage could be a risk for development of clinical infections in rabbits. World Rabbit Sciences,23:181-184.
https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2015.3960
Van Belkum, A., Melles, D.C., Nouwen, J., Van Leeuwen, W.B., Van Wamel,W., Vos, M.C., Wertheim, H.F. andVerbrugh, H.A. (2009). Co-evolutionary aspects of human colonization and infection by Staphylococcusaureus. InfectiousGeneticEvolution, 9:32-47. Wertheim, H.F., Melles, D.C., Vos, M.C., Van Leeuwen, W., Van Belkum, A., Verbrugh, H.A. and Nouwen, J.L. (2005). The role of nasal carriage in Staphylococcusaureus infections. Lancet Infectious Disease,5:751-762.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(05)70295-4
Zunita, Z., Bashir, A., and Hafizal, A. (2008) Occurrence of multidrug resistant Staphylococcusaureus in horses in Malaysia. Veterinary World, 1:165- 167.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
