Comparisons Between Different Crude Extract Yields Of Whole Plant Of Momordica Charantia And Their Antibacterial Susceptibility Against Selected Clinical Isolates

Abstract

Medicinal plants such as Momordica charantia contained different phytochemicals which have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Salmonella typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. In this study, four solvents namely n- hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and aqueous were used for the reflux extraction of whole plant of M. charantia successively and exhaustively. The phytochemicals and antibacterial susceptibility of the crude extracts against selected clinical isolates were determined at different concentrations of 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml using agar well diffusion. The clinical isolates used were subjected to biochemical tests and molecular characterization for proper identification. The study revealed that ethyl acetate extract had the highest percentage yield of 5.92% followed by 3.33% of aqueous extract. Phytochemicals such saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, steroids and reducing sugars were present in the crude extracts. The highest mean and standard error of means value of antibacterial susceptibility against E. coli were 14.67±0.33; 19.67±0.33; 21.67±0.33 and 30.33±0.33 for 40 mg/ml, 60 mg/ml, 80 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml concentrations of the aqueous crude extract respectively. This research work showed that there are  differences in the yields of crude extracts of whole plant of M. charantia when extracted with different solvents and the antibacterial activity result showed that the aqueous crude extract has a better antibacterial activity against the selected clinical isolates than other crude extracts. This present study compared the different yields of M. charantia and its antibacterial susceptibility against selected clinical isolates.