Bacteriological and Physicochemical Assessment of Drinking Water from wells located in the Industrial Areas of Kano Metropolis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1722.024Keywords:
Physicochemical parameter, E. coli, Wells, Chromium, GroundwaterAbstract
Physicochemical and bacteriological analyses were carried out on well water samples from the eight selected locations within the industrial area of Kano Metropolis namely Bompai, Sharada, Chalawa and Jaba (a non-industrial area) serving as control, using the standard methods. The results obtained were compared with the World Health Organization and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality. The physicochemical parameters monitored included pH, electrical conductivity, TDS, DO, BOD, Turbidity, chloride, nitrate, phosphate, zinc, iron, lead, manganese and chromium. The mean bacterial counts, coliform and faecal coliform counts ranged from 1.7 x103 cfu/ml, 18MPN/100ml, and 11MPN/10ml in BW2, (from Bompai), 3.2 x 102 cfu/ml, 33MPN/100ml, and 13MPN/100ml in CW1 (from Chalawa) and 7.0 x 10 cfu/ml, 11MPN/100ml and 4MPN/100ml in NW1 (from Jaba) respectively. Cultural, morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial genera revealed the presence of E. coli, Pseudomonas sp., Shigella sp., Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Salmonella sp. and Enterobacter sp. The samples displayed elevated mean value of lead (0.14mg/l), EC (590.9 us/cm), TDS (119.13mg/l), DO (4.67mg/l), BOD (1.25mg/l), Zinc (1.76mg/l), Iron (0.6mg/l), Manganese (0.44mg/l) and Chromium (0.57mg/l). The result shows that out of the eight (8) wells sampled, only one (1) i.e NW2 is safe for drinking. Hence there is need for improved hygiene and regular hygiene education.
Downloads
References
Abiola O. P., (2010). Lead and Coliform Contaminations in Potable Groundwater Sources in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, Journal of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology 2: 79-83
Adeyemi, O., Oloyede, O.B., Oladiji, A.T., (2007). Physicochemical and Microbial Characteristics of Leachate- Contaminated Groundwater. Asian J.Biochem. 2 (5), 343-348.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ajb.2007.343.348
Adeyeye E. I., Abulude E. O., (2004) Analytical Assessment of Some Surface and Groundwater Resources in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Journal of Chemical Soc. Nigeria, 98-103.
Ahmed A. L. M., Sulaiman W. N., Osman M. M., Saeed E. M. and Mohamed Y. A. (2000). Groundwater Quality in Khartoum State, Sudan. Journal of Environmental Hydrology 8: 1-7.
Asuquo J. E. and Etim E. E., (2012). Physicochemical and Bacteriological Studies of Selected Borehole Water in Uyo Metropolis in Akwa Ibom State. International Journal of Modern Chemistry. 2(1):7-14
APHA (2005): Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edn., APHA, Washington D C.
Aremu, M. O. Olaofe, O. Ikokoh, P. P & Yakubu,M. M. (2011) physicochemical characteristics of stream, well and borehole water soures in Eggon, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Journal Chemical Society Nigeria, 36 (1), 131- 136.
Ayantobo O. O, Oluwasanya G. O, Idowu O. A & Eruola A. O.,(2013). Water Quality Evaluation of Hand-Dug Wells in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Agriculture and veterinary 13(10) 21-27
Bichi, M. H. and Anyata, B. U. (1999).Industrial Waste Pollution in the Kano River Basin. Environmental Management and Health, 10(2):112-116.
https://doi.org/10.1108/09566169910259778
Buchanan R. E and Gibbons N. E., (1974): Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 8th Edition, The Williams and Wilkins Co., Baltimore, p.124
Cheesbrough M., (2000). District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries. Part 2. Cambridge University Press. Pp 76-100.
Dhawale S. and LaMaster A., (2003): Microbiology Laboratory Manual. The McGraw Companies Incorporation, USA, p187.
Edema M. O., Omeemu A. M., Fapetu O.M.,(2001). Microbiological and Physicochemical Analysis of Different Sources of Drinking Water. Nigeria Journal of Microbiology, 15:57-61.
Ehlers E. and Krafft T. (2001) "Integrated Management of Water Resources". Understanding the Earth System: compartments, processes, and interactions. Springer. p. 116.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-56843-5
Emmanuel, B. and Nurudeen, A., (2012). Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater Samples of Bichi Local Government Area of Kano State of Nigeria. Journal of Science and Technology 2 (Special Issue): 325-332.
https://doi.org/10.5923/j.env.20120206.02
Ezeribe I. A., Oshieke K. C. and Jauro A. (2012). Physico-Chemical Properties of Well Water Samples from Some Villages In Nigeria With Cases Of Stained And Mottle Teeth. Science World Journal Vol 7 (No 1), 1-3
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJRET.2012.049527
Fattal B. and Shuval H. (2003). Control of Pathogenic Microorganisms in Wastewater Recycling and Reuse in Agriculture, Handbook of Water and Wastewater Microbiology.
Food and Drug Administration ,- FDA (1995). Bacteriological Analytical Manual. 8th edition. AOAC International. Gaitherburg. MD. Chapter 4, 20-23.
Ibe S. N., Okplenye J. I., (2005) Bacteriological Analysis of Borehole Water in Uli, Nigeria. African Journal of Applied Zoology & Environmental Biology. 7:116-119
https://doi.org/10.4314/ajazeb.v7i1.41158
Jalali M. (2005). Major ion chemistry of groundwater in the Bahar area, Hamadan, western Iran. Environ. Geol., 47: 763-772
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1200-3
Mohand S. H., Fella H. C., (2014) Physicochemical Quality of Borehole Water Used as a Source of Public Supply in Arib(Ain Defla-Algeria). European Academic Research 1:5379-5392.
Murcott, S. (2007), Water sources (improved and un-improved) and water supply ,MIT 11.4 79 J/1.851J, March 5,2007, WATSAN planning,http://ocw.mit.edu/NR.
Na'Abba I. S. (2002).Transformation of the Kabuga Housing Estate. Unpublished MSc Dissertation, Bayero University Kano
Nkwachukwu I. O, Vincent E. A, Helen O. N, Chukwu H. C, (2013). Bacteriological Assessment of Selected Borehole Water Samples in Umuahia North local Government Area, Abia State Nigeria. Journal of Environmental Treatment Technique. 1(2):117-121.
NSDWQ (2007). Nigeria Standard for Drinking Water Quality,Nigeria Industrial Standard, Approve by Standard Organization of Nigeria Governing Council. ICS 13. 060. 20:15-19.
Olajubu F. A., Ogunika F. (2014) Assessment of Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Borehole Water Samples from Akungba-Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research 5:367- 374.
Oluwasanya (2009), Better Safe than Sorry: Towards Appropriate Water Safety Plans for Urban Self Supply Systems in developing countries, Phd. Thesis, Cranfield University. Pp 459.
Oluwasanya, G., Smith, J., and Carter, R (2011): Self Supply Systems: Urban dug wells in Abeokuta, Nigeria, Journal of Water Science and Technology: Water supply, Vol. II(2), IWA, UK, pg. 172 - 178.
https://doi.org/10.2166/ws.2011.026
Oyedele E. A. A., (2009) Physicochemical Status of Water Samples from Hand-Dug Wells in Ajibamidele Area of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. International Journal of Biology, Chemistry and Science 3(5): 957-966
https://doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v3i5.51063
Oyeku O.T. and Eludoyin A.O., (2010). Environmental Hazards of Heavy Metals: Summary of Lead, Cadmium And Mercury. Marc Report, No20
Oyekunle J.A.O., Okp R.C., Ogunfowokan A.O, Olutona G.O., Durosinmi L.M., (2012). Total and Exchangeable Metals in Groundwater of Ile-Ife, Southwestern
Powell S.T (1964). Groundwater Quality. In Handbook of Applied Hydrology, ed. VT Chow, McGraw-Hill, Ney York, USA. Pp. 19-34. Press, F. and Siever, R. (1985). Earth. New York: Freeman and Co.
Pritchard M., Mkandawire T., O'Neil J. G., (2008). Assessment of Groundwater Quality within the Southern Districts of Malawi. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth 33:812-823. Elsevier Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2008.06.036
Robert, J. W. (2006). Water clinic Turbidity, Colour, Odour, Taste and conductivity. Retrieved 4 June, 2008 from http://www.thewaterCLinic.com/turbi dity.colour-odour- tasteconductivity.htm
Sa'eed M. D. and Amira A. H. (2013) Physicochemical Analysis of Groundwater Samples from Nasarawa LGA, Kano State-Nigeria. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 5(8):162-173
Shimizu T., Agatomo H., Kigotake T. (1980), Bacteria contamination of drinking water from wells in Miyazaki, Miyazaki University, Japan, Pp 21-28.
Taura D. W. and Hassan A. (2013). Bacteriological Examination of Household Drinking Water in some Local Government Areas of Kano state, Nigeria. International Research Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 3(6): 91-96.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2010).Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. Recommendation, Geneva, p: 1-6. Retrieve from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_ health /WHS_WWD2010_ guidelines_2010_6_en
WHO (2006). Guideline for Drinking Water quality (electronic Resource). Incorporating first Addendum 1, Recommendations-3rd retrieved June 4, 2008 fromhttp://www.whglibdoc.who.int/publica tions/2006/9241546-964.eng.pd
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
