Seroprevalence of Immunoglobulins G and M Associated With Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 among Apparently Healthy Individuals in Katsina State, Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1721.027Keywords:
HSV-2, Seroprevalence, IgG, IgM, Katsina, NigeriaAbstract
Infection with Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a significant public health problem being the leading cause of genital ulcerative disease. This study was aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 2 among healthy individuals in Katsina State, and to determine the socio demographic and risk factors associated with HSV-2 infection in the study area. A cross-sectional serological survey enrolling 113 apparently healthy individuals from six Local Government Areas of Katsina State was conducted, to evaluate HSV-2 seroprevalence. Serum samples were obtained from randomly selected subjects. Samples were analysed using Immunoglobulins G (IgG) and M (IgM) HSV-2 specific commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The overall seroprevalence of HSV-2 IgG and IgM was 71.7% and 32.7% respectively. HSV-2 seroprevalence increased with age. The results obtained demonstrated a high prevalence of HSV-2 seropositivity among apparently healthy individuals. We recommend educational awareness of Herpes type 2 infections among the populace and routine testing for Herpes type 2 antibodies in hospital laboratories to prevent HSV-2 related morbidity and mortality, particularly in apparently healthy individuals.
Downloads
References
Aminu, M. Bodam, B.B. and Adams, A.M. (2014). Seroprevalence of HSV-2 among pregnant women and patients presenting with fever at the university health services ABU main campus, Zaria, Nigeria. An oral paper presented at the 49th annual conference of the science association of Nigeria held at University of Ilorin, Kwara State from 27thapril to 1st may, 2014.
Agabi, Y.A., Banwat E.B., Mawak J.D., Lar P.M., Dashe N, and Dashen M. (2010). Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type-2 among patients attending the Sexually Transmitted Infections Clinic in Jos, Nigeria. Journal Infection in Developing Countries, 4(9):572-575.
https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.567
Barnabas, R.V., Wasserheit, J.N., Huang, Y.D., Janes, H. Morrow, R. Fuchs, J. Mark, K.E., Casapia, M. Mehrotra, D.V., and Buchbinder, S.P. (2011). Impact of Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 on HIV-1 acquisition and progression in an HIV vaccine trial (the step study) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficient Syndrome, 57; 238-244.
https://doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31821acb5
Biraro, S, Mayaud, P, and Morrow, R.A. (2013). Performance of commercial herpes simplex virus type-2 antibody tests using serum samples from Sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 38; 140-147.
https://doi.org/10.1097/OLQ.0b013e3181f0bafb
Biswas, D, Borkakoty, B, Mahanta, J, Walia, K, Saikia, L, and Akoijam, B.S. (2011). Seroprevalence and risk factors of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection among pregnant women in Northeast India. Infectious Diseases, 11:325-333.
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2334-11-325
Bradley, H. Lauri, E. Theda, G. and Geraldine M.M. (2014). Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2-United States, 1999-2010, Journal of Infectious Diseases,209; 325-333.
https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jit458
Clara, A.S., Astrid, M. Bedoyab, C. Sara, P. Armando, B.C., Angela, M. Gaviriab, E. Carlos, A.R., and Sanchezb, G.I. (2011). Prevalence of specific herpes simplex virus- 2 antibodies and associated factors in women of a rural town of Colombia. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2(11): 7-9.
Centers for disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Division of STD Prevention (2013). Sexually transmitted diseases: Genital Herpes-CDC Fact Sheet.
Duru, C.B., Emele F.E., Nnebue C.C., Adinma E.D., Ifeadike G.O., Amilo G.I., Oluboyo A.O., and Oluboyo B.O. (2014) ; Seroprevalence and Co-Existence of Chlamydia Trachomatis and Herpes Simplex Virus Antibodies among Students in a Tertiary Institution. International Journal of Medicine and Medical Sciences, 1(8); 122-130.
Duran, N. Fugen, Y. Cuneyt, E. and Fatih, K. (2004). Asymptomatic herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection among pregnant women in Turkey. Indian Journal of Medical Resource, 120(6); 106-10.
Gupta, R. Warren, T. and Wald A. (2007). Genital herpes. Lancet, 370 (95); 2127-2137.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61908-4
Hashido, M. Lee, F.K., and Nahmias, A.J. (1998). An epidemiologic study of herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2 infection in Japan based on type-specific serological assays. Epidemiology of Infection, 120; 179-186.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S095026889700856X
Kalu, E.I.,Mawak, J.D., and Dashe, N. (2014). Seroprevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic in Benin, Nigeria: International Journal of Tropical Disease and Health, 4(1); 70-81.
https://doi.org/10.9734/IJTDH/2014/6048
Looker, K.J., Garnett G.P., and Schmid G.P, (2008). An estimate of the global prevalence and incidence of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection. Bull World Health Organization, 86(10); 737-816.
https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.046128
Looker, K.J., Magaret, A.S., Turner, K.E., Vickerman, P. Gottlieb, S.L., and Newman, L.M. (2015). Global Estimates of Prevalent and Incident Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Infections in 2012. Bull World Health Organization, 10(1). 12-15. Luseno, K.W., Denise D.H., Hyunsan C, Bonita J.T., Joel, A. Simbarashe.R, Sabella.M, Benson M, and Marcia H. (2014). Use of
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0114989
https://doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2015-052126.276
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140765
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128615
HIV and HSV-2 Biomarkers in Adolescent Prevention Research: A Comprison of Two Approaches. Journal of Primary Prevention, 10(3); 1-3.
Mawak, J.D., Dashe, N. Atseye, A B., and Agabi, Y.A. (2012). Seroprevalence and Co-Infection of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Nigeria. Shiraz E-Medical Journal,13(1); 3-7.
Ojinmah, U.R., Nnoruka, E.N., Ozoh, G.A., Onyekonwu, C.L., and Aguwa, E.N. (2012). Herpes simplex virus type 2 infection among females in Enugu, Enugu State.Shiraz E-Medical Journal, 13(1); 5-9.
Okonko, I.O., Cookey, T.I., and Cookey, T.I. (2015). Seropositivity and determinants of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibodies against Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types -1 and -2 in pregnant women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. African Health Science, 15(3):737- 47.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v15i3.6
Obeid, O.E. (2007). Prevalence of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 and associated sociodemographic variables in pregnant women attending King Fahd Hospital of the university. Journal of Community Medicine, 14(1); 3-7.
https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8229.97517
Rathore, S. Jamwal, A. and Gupta V. (2010). Herpes simplex virus type 2:
Seroprevalence in antenatal women. Indian Journal of Sexually Transmited Diseases and Aquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom, 31(4); 11-15.
Tidemam, R.L., Taylor, J. Marks, C. Seifert, C. Berry, G. and Trudinger, B. (2001). Sexual and demographic risk facrors for herpes simplex type 1 and 2 in women attending an antenatal clinic. Sexually Transmitted Infection,77:413-415.
https://doi.org/10.1136/sti.77.6.413
Tronstein, E. Johnston, C. Huang M.L., Selke, S. Magaret, A. and Warren, T. (2012). Genital shedding of herpes simplex virus among symptomatic and asymptomatic persons with HSV-2 infection. Journal of the American Medical Association, 305(14); 1441-1449.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2011.420
Wald, A.J., Zeh, S. Selke, T. Warren, A.J., Ryncarz, R. Ashley, J.N. Krieger, and L.Corey. (2002). Virologic characteristics of sub clinical and symptomatic genital herpesinfections. New England Journal of Medicine,234; 333-370.
Weiss, H. (2004). "Epidemiology of herpes simplex virus type 2 infection in the developing world". HerpesSupplement. 1; 24-35.
World Health Organization (2015): Globally, an estimated two-thirds of the population under 50 are infected Herpes Simplex Virus Type-2. Geneva, Switzerland. Avialable:www.who.int/hiv/pub/sti/who_hi v _aids_ January, 2015).
Wutzler, P. Doerr H.W., and Farber, I. (2000). Seroprevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 in selected German population's relevance for the incidence of genital herpes. Journal of Medical Virology.61; 201-207.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9071(200006)61:2<201::AID-JMV5>3.0.CO;2-P
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
