Role of Human Pappillomavirus and Cervical Cancer in Developing Countries: A Current Trend in Africa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.1832.010Keywords:
Africa, Cancer, Challenges, Screening, Treatment, Virus, WomenAbstract
Cervical cancer is a relatively rare disease in countries that have instituted and maintained national screening programs, with call and recall of women at various intervals and built-in quality control with appropriate monitoring and evaluation. Unfortunately, this process has failed in most areas of the world where more than 80% of new cases of cervical cancer are diagnosed. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer affecting women, with worldwide annual incidence and mortality rates of 528,000 and 266,000, respectively. It is well established that cervical cancer is predominantly caused by a persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection of cervical cells. Increasing numbers of studies have investigated HPV and cervical cancer, contributing greatly to the global knowledge and unraveling some of the critical questions regarding HPV transmission, infection, and prevention. Treatment of cervical cancer in Africa is hampered by the lack of diagnostic and treatment facilities, lack of healthcare infrastructure and poor pathology services. Furthermore, there is a significant brain drain of trained healthcare workers in Africa that exacerbates the problem. Cancer is becoming an increasingly important public health problem as more people live longer. It is time to develop programs for the prevention, early detection, treatment, and palliation of cancer sufferers in Africa. Therefore, this review describes the current status of HPV in developing countries, presenting some of the existing challenges in implementing cervical screening and HPV vaccination programs.
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