Health and Environmental Impact of Xenobiotics in Water Quality Evaluation: A Review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47430/ujmr.2493.036Keywords:
Contamination, Drinking water, Environment, Pollution, XenobioticsAbstract
Study’s Novelty/Excerpt
- This review presents a comprehensive categorization and impact analysis of xenobiotics on humans, animals, and the environment, providing a novel synthesis of current knowledge in this field.
- It details the diverse sources of xenobiotics, such as microplastics and pesticides, and their pervasive presence in various environmental compartments, highlighting the significant issue of surface runoff contributing to pesticide residue in surface waters.
- Additionally, the review innovatively integrates a discussion on advanced detection and removal techniques, including cutting-edge chromatographic methods and bioremediation strategies, offering a holistic approach to understanding and managing xenobiotic pollutants.
Full Abstract
Xenobiotics are compounds or chemicals to which an organism is exposed, usually in large concentrations that are inessential to the regular pattern of metabolism of that organism. This review emphasised the categorization and impact of xenobiotics on people, animals, and the environment. It also gave a general overview of the process of discharging and detecting xenobiotics and their potential environmental fates. A chart of xenobiotic categories was also provided, including industrial products, insecticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care items, and radioactive waste. Microplastics and pesticides were discussed as xenobiotic chemicals commonly found in freshwater bodies; similarly, the impact of creating substances such as personal care products, medicinal chemicals, and insecticides through technology was discussed as the source of xenobiotics. Additionally, a thorough description of how pesticide pollution affects common environmental compartments such as soils, streambed sediment, groundwater, and surface water is provided since surface runoff accounts for more than 10% of pesticide residue in surface rivers. Effective techniques, including Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry GC/MS, and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) along with diverse chromatographic techniques were also discussed as techniques for the analysis of xenobiotics. These techniques are often paired with state-of-the-art detection techniques like high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Highlighted as well were techniques for the removal of xenobiotics using membrane processes, improved oxidation processes, engineered wetlands, photocatalytic degradation, biotransformation, bioremediation, photo-remediation, adsorption, and bioremediation to decrease the side effects.
Downloads
References
Alamgir Z., Chowdhury M., Hossain, M. S., Pramanik, M. D., Rahman, M. A., Fakhruddin, A. N. M. & Alam, M. K. (2015). Determination of selected pesticides in water samples adjacent to agricultural fields and removal of organophosphorus insecticide chlorpyrifos using soil bacterial isolates, Applied Water Science, 5(2), 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-014-0178-6
Anbumani, S. & Kakkar, P. (2018). Ecotoxicological effects of microplasticss in biota: a re- view. Environmental Science Pollution Res.Int.25(15), 14373–14396.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-1999-x
Banzi, F. P., Msaki, P. K. & Mohammed, N. K. (2008). Assessment of heavy metal concentration In Water around the Proposed Mkuju River uranium project in Tanzania. Tanzania. Journal of Science, 41(1), 8-18.
Barboza, L.G.A., Vethaak, A.D., Lavorante, B.R.B.O., Lundebye, A.-K. & Guilhermino, L., (2018). Marine microplastics debris: an emerging issue for food security, food safety and human health. Marine Pollution Bulletin,113, 336–348.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.05.047.
Beheary, M., El-matary, F., El-hamid, H. T. A., Rahman, A. & Al, M. (2018). Removal of some Pesticides from contaminated Water using lowcost Materials. Advances in Environmental Biology, 12(8), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.22587/aeb.2018.12.7.1.
Bharti, P.K. & Gajananda, K.H. (2013). Environmental monitoring and assessment in Antarctica, In: Environmental Health and Problems, Discovery Publishing House, Delhi, 178-186.
Bosun Banjoko (2014). Intech. Open Science/Open Mind. Environmental Pharmacology- An Overview. (pp. 1-172). https://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57473.
Chukwu, O., Segi, S. & Adeoye, P.A. (2008). Effect of Car-wash effluent on the Quality of Receiving Stream. Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 3(7), 607-610.
Dalvie, M.A., Myers, J.E., Thompson, M.L., Robins, T.G., Dyer, S., Riebow, J., Molekwa, J., Jeebhay, M., Millar, R. & Kruger, P. (2004). The long-term effects of DDT exposure on semen, fertility, and sexual function of malaria vector-control workers in Limpopo Province, South Africa.Environ. Res. 96(1),1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2003.09.002.
Deng, Y., Zhang, Y., Lemos, B. & Ren, H. (2017). Tissue accumulation of microplasticss in mice and biomarker responses suggest widespread health risks ofexposure. Scientific Reports 24(7), 46687.https://doi.org/doi: 10.1038/srep46687.
deOliveira,M., Frihling,B.E.F., Velasques,J., Filho,F.J.C.M., Cavalheri,P.S. & Migliolo,L. (2020). Pharmaceuticalsresiduesandxenobiotics contaminants: Occurrence, analytical techniques and sustainable alternatives for wastewater treatment. The Science of the Total Environment 25(705), 135568.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135568.
Duis, K. & Coors, A. (2016). Microplastics in the aquatic and terrestrial environment: sources (with a specific focus on personal care products), fate and effects. Environmental Science Europe. 28(2), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-015-0069.
Ebele, A.J., Abou-Elwafa Abdallah, M. & Harrad, S. (2017). Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in the freshwater aquatic environment. Emerging Contaminant, 3(1), 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emcon.2016.12.004.
Elfikrie, N., Ho, Y.B., Zaidon, S.Z., Juahir, H. & Tan, E.S.S. (2020). Occurrence of pesticides in surface water, pesticides removal efficiency in drinking water treatment plant and potential health risk to consumers in Tengi River Basin, Malaysia. The Science of the Total Environment 10(712), 136540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136540.
Embrandiri, A., Kiyasudeen, S.K., Rupani, P.F. & Ibrahim, M.H. (2016). Environmental Xenobiotics and Its Effects on Natural Ecosystem. Environmental Science. 1–18.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2860-1-1.
Firdaus, M., Trihadiningrum, Y. & Lestari, P. (2019). Microplastics pollution in the sediment of Jagir Estuary , Surabaya City , Indonesia. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 1(150),110790. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110790.
Gasperi, J., Wright, S.L., Dris, R., Collard, F., Mandin, C., Guerrouache, M., Langlois, V., Kelly, F.J. & Tassin, B. (2018). Microplasticss in air: are we breathing it in?Current Opinionin Environmental. Science & Health1(1), 1-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coesh.2017.10.002.
Hoppin, J.A., Umbach, D.M., London, S.J., Henneberger, P.K., Kullman, G.J., Coble, J., Alavanja, M.C., Freeman, L.B. & Sandler, D.P. (2009). Pesticide use and adult-onset asthma among male farmers in the Agricultural Health Study. The European Respiratory Journal 34(6), 1296-1303. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00005509.
Huang, Z., Liu, C., Zhao, X., Dong, J. & Zheng, B. (2020). Risk assessment of heavy metals in the surface sediment at the drinking water source of the Xiangjiang River in South China. Environmental Sciences Europe. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-020-00305-w.
Jambeck J, Geyer R, Wilcox C, Siegler T, Perryman M. & Andrary A (2015) Determination of Microplasticss in Surface Water and Sediment of Kelantan Bay. Earth and Environmental Science347(6223), 768.https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/549/1/012059
Karthigadevi, G., Manikandan, S., Karmegam, N., Subbaiya, R., Chozhavendhan, S., Ravindran, B., Chang, S.W. & Awasthi, M.K. (2021).Chemico-nanotreatment methods for the removal of persistent organic pollutants and xenobiotics in water—A review. Bioresource Technology, 324, 124678.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2021.124678.
Koelmans, A. A., Hazimah, N., Nor, M., Hermsen, E., Kooi, M., Mintenig, S. M. & France, J. De. (2019). Microplasticss in freshwaters and drinking water : Critical review and assessment of data quality. Water Research, 155, 410–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.02.054.
Kosuth, M., Mason, S.A. & Wattenberg, E.V. (2018). Anthropogenic contamination of tap water, beer, and sea salt. PLoS One13(4), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0194970.
Kumar, D. & Chopra, S. (2020). Xenobiotic Compounds in the Environment: Their Fate, Transport and Removal.Journal of Xenobiotic.11(4), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox11040009.
Kumar, S., Sharma, A.K., Rawat, S., Jain, D. & Ghosh, S. (2013). Use of pesticides in agriculture and livestock animals and its impact on environment of India. AsianJournal Environmental Science, 8(1), 51–57.
Lushchak, V.I., Matviishyn, T.M., Husak, V.V., Storey, J.M. & Storey, K.B. (2018). Pesticide Toxicity: A mechanistic approach. EXCLI Journal, 8(17), 1101-1136. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2018-1710.
Maloschik, E., M¨ortl, M. & Sz´ek´acs, A. (2010). “Novel derivatisation technique for the determination of chlorophenoxy acid type herbicides by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.397(2),537–548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3486-1.
Manoj, K. & Avinash, P., (2012). A review of permissible limits of drinking water. Indian Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 16(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5278.99696.
Mathew, B.B., Singh, H., Biju, V.G. & Krishnamurthy, N.B. (2017). Classification, source, and effect of environmental pollutants and their biodegradation. Journal of Environmental. Pathology. Toxicology. and Oncology.36 (1), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1615/JEnvironPatholToxicolOncol.2017015804.
McKnight, U.S., Rasmussen, J.J., Kronvang, B., Binning, P.J. & Bjerg, P.L. (2015). Sources, occurrence and predicted aquatic impact of legacy and contemporary pesticides in streams. Environmental Pollution200, 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2015.02.015.
M¨ortl, M., N´emeth, G. & Juracsek, J. (2013). “Determination of glyphosate residues in Hungarian water samples by immunoas- say,” Microchemical Journal107, 143–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2012.05.021.
National Water-Quality Assessment(2021). Water resources; Continuous water-quality and suspended sediments, transport and monitoring in San Francisco.
Nurain, S., Mimi, L. A. B. & Nur A. I. (2020). Determination of Microplasticss in Surface Water and Sediment of Kelantan Bay. Journal of Earth and Environmental Science549(1), 012059,https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/549/1/012059.
Oros, G.; Cserháti, T. & Szo˝gyi, M. (2012). Chromatography of xenobiotics in biological and environmental matrices. European Chemical Bulletin, 1(3-4), 81–93. https://doi.org/10.17628/ecb.2012.1.81-93.
Pourkhabbaz H. R., H. F. and C. & M. (2018). Determination of Heavy Metals Concentration at Water Treatment Sites in Ahwaz and Mollasani Using Bioindicator. ECOPERSIA, 6(1), 55–66. http://ecopersia.modares.ac.ir/article-24-14719-en.html.
Roccaro, P., Sgroi, M. & Vagliasindi, F.G.A. (2013). Removal of xenobiotic compounds from wastewater for environment protection: Treatment processes and costs. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 32, 505–510. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1332085.
Sabin, G. P., Prestes, O. D., Adaime, M. B. & Zanella, R. (2009). Multiresidue determination of Pesticides in drinking Water by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry after Solid-Phase Extraction. Journal of Brazil Chemical Society20(5), 918–925. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-50532009000500017.
Samsuddin, N., Rampal, K.G., Ismail, N.H., Abdullah, N.Z. & Nasreen, H. E. (2015). Pesticide exposure and cardiovascular Hemodynamic parameters among Male Workers involved in Mosquito Control in East Coast of Malaysia. American Journal of Hypertension, 29(2),226–233. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajh/hpv093.
SAPEA (2019). A Scientific Perspective on Microplastics in Nature and Society. Evidence Review Report No.4
Sarijan, S., Az, S., Ismid, M., Said, M. & Andu, Y. (2018). Microplasticss in sediment from Skudai and Tebrau river , Malaysia : a preliminary study,MATEC Web of conferences, 250(1), 06012. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825006012.
Schymanski D. (2018). Analysis of microplasticss in water by micro-Raman Spectroscopy: Release of Plastic Particles from Different Packaging into Mineral Water. Water Research. 129(1), 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2017.11.011.
Sharma, A., Kumar, V., Shahzad, B., Tanveer, M., Sidhu, G.P.S., Handa, N., Kohli, S.K., Yadav, P., Bali, A.S. & Parihar, R. D. (2019). Worldwide Pesticide usage and its impacts on Ecosystem. SNApplied Sciences 1(11), 1446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-1485-1.
Soucek, P. (2011). XenobioticsIn Encyclopedia of CancerSchwab, Germany. Journal of Xenobiot 11(4), 130–141. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox11040009.
Syafrudin, M., Kristanti, R. A., Yuniarto, A., Hadibarata, T. & Rhee, J. (2021). Pesticides in Drinking Water—A Review.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2): 468. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020468.
Székács, A., Mörtl, M. & Darvas, B. (2015). Monitoring Pesticide Residues in Surface and ground Water in Hungary : Surveys in 1990 – 2015. Journal of Chemistry2015, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/717948.
Tanzania Bureau of Standards(2005) Drinking (potable) water: specification (TZS 789:2005). National environmental standards compendium, Tanzania Bureau of Standards. 26-27.
Tuzimski, T. & Sherma, J. (2019). Determination of Targe Xenobiotics and Unknown Compound Residues in Food, Environmental, and Biological Samples. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry10(1), 444. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429446900.
Varsha, Y.M.,Deepthi,N. & Chenna, S. ( 2011). An enphasis on Xenobiotic degradation in Environmental cleanup. Journal of Bioremediation and Biodegradation02(4),1–10. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-6199.S11-001.
Vinas, P., Mireia, B., Noemi, T., Alicia, C., Sergio, M., Stephanie, R., Nuria, B. and Pere, C. (2022). The Hydration Status of Adult Patients with Oropharyngeal Dysphagia and the Effect of Thickened Fluid Therapy on Fluid Intake and Hydration: result of two parallel Systematic and Scooping Reviews. Journal of Nutrients 14(12): 2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14122497.
Wang, T., Li, B. & Zou, X. (2019). Emission of primary microplasticss in mainland China: Invisible but not negligible. Water Research.162, 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2019.06.042.
Wang H, Liu D, Lu L, Zhao Z, Xu Y. & Cui F. (2012). Degradation of algal organic matter using microbial fuel cells and its association with trihalomethane precursor removal. Bioresource Technology, 116,80–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.021.
WHO, UNICEF, (2017). Progress on Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: 2017 Update and SDG Baselines. World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), Geneva.
World Health Organization (2008). Guidelines for drinking water quality 3rd Ed. Incorporating the first and second agenda volume recommendations. WHO, Geneva.
Wolfram, J., Stehle, S., Bub, S., Petschick, L.L. &Schulz, R. (2019). Insecticide risk in US surface Waters: Drivers and spatiotemporal modeling. Environmental Science & Technology,53(20), 12071–12080. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b04285.
Wright, S.L. & Kelly, F.J. (2017). Plastic and human health: a micro issue? Environmental Science& Technology,51(12), 6634e6647. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.7b00423.
Yadav, I.C., Devi, N.L., Syed, J.H., Cheng, Z., Li, J., Zhang, G. & Jones, K.C. (2015). Current Status of persistent organic pesticides residues in air, water, and soil, and their possible effect on neighboring countries: A comprehensive review of India. the Scienceof the Total Environment, 511, 123–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.12.041.
Yu, L., Zhang, J., Liu, Y., Chen, L., Tao, S. & Liu, W. (2021). Distribution characteristics ofmicroplasticss in agricultural soils from the largest vegetable production base in China.Science of The Total Environment, 756, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143860.
Zaidon, S.Z., Ho, Y.B., Hashim, Z., Saari, N. & Praveena, S.M. (2018). Pesticides contamination and analytical methods of determination in Environmental matrices in Malaysia and Their potential Human health effects–A Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Science, 14, 81–88.
Zhang, S., Wang, J., Liu, X., Qu, G., Wang, X., Wang, X., Li, Y. & Sun, Y. (2019). Microplasticss in the environment: a review of analytical methods, distribution, and biological effects. Trends Analytical Chemistry,21(11), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2018.12.002.
Zubrod, J.P., Bundschuh, M., Arts, G., Brühl, C.A., Imfeld, G., Knäbel, A., Payraudeau, S., Rasmussen, J.J., Rohr, J. & Scharmuller, A. (2019). Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class? Environmental Science & Technology, 53(7), 3347–3365. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b04392.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 UMYU Journal of Microbiology Research (UJMR)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
